Risk factor profile at baseline
| . | Rivaroxaban (n = 73) . | Standard anticoagulation (n = 41) . |
|---|---|---|
| Etiology of index CVT, n (%) | ||
| Transient risk factor only | 50 (69) | 34 (83) |
| Persistent risk factor* | 21 (29) | 4 (9.8) |
| Unprovoked | 2 (2.7) | 3 (7.3) |
| Type of risk factor, n (%)† | ||
| Infectious disease | 46 (63) | 30 (73) |
| Otitis media and/or mastoiditis‡ | 39 (53) | 20 (49) |
| CNS infection‡ | 12 (16) | 9 (22) |
| Sinusitis‡ | 12 (16) | 6 (15) |
| Infection other than head or neck | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) |
| Major head trauma | 5 (6.8) | 3 (7.3) |
| Major surgery§ | 4 (5.5) | 1 (2.3) |
| Use of estrogens or progestins | 3 (60) || | 2 (50) || |
| Active cancer¶ | 7 (9.6) | 2 (4.9) |
| Hematologic cancer# | 5 (6.8) | 2 (4.9) |
| Solid tumor** | 2 (2.7) | 0 |
| Renal inflammatory disease†† | 5 (6.8) | 0 |
| Cerebral arteriovenous malformation | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) |
| Known inherited thrombophilia | 5 (6.8) | 0 |
| Antithrombin, protein C, or S deficiency | 3 (4.1) | 0 |
| Factor V Leiden or prothrombin mutation | 2 (2.7) | 0 |
| Acquired thrombophilia‡‡ | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.4) |
| Familial venous thrombosisa | 1 (1.4) | 0 |
| . | Rivaroxaban (n = 73) . | Standard anticoagulation (n = 41) . |
|---|---|---|
| Etiology of index CVT, n (%) | ||
| Transient risk factor only | 50 (69) | 34 (83) |
| Persistent risk factor* | 21 (29) | 4 (9.8) |
| Unprovoked | 2 (2.7) | 3 (7.3) |
| Type of risk factor, n (%)† | ||
| Infectious disease | 46 (63) | 30 (73) |
| Otitis media and/or mastoiditis‡ | 39 (53) | 20 (49) |
| CNS infection‡ | 12 (16) | 9 (22) |
| Sinusitis‡ | 12 (16) | 6 (15) |
| Infection other than head or neck | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) |
| Major head trauma | 5 (6.8) | 3 (7.3) |
| Major surgery§ | 4 (5.5) | 1 (2.3) |
| Use of estrogens or progestins | 3 (60) || | 2 (50) || |
| Active cancer¶ | 7 (9.6) | 2 (4.9) |
| Hematologic cancer# | 5 (6.8) | 2 (4.9) |
| Solid tumor** | 2 (2.7) | 0 |
| Renal inflammatory disease†† | 5 (6.8) | 0 |
| Cerebral arteriovenous malformation | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) |
| Known inherited thrombophilia | 5 (6.8) | 0 |
| Antithrombin, protein C, or S deficiency | 3 (4.1) | 0 |
| Factor V Leiden or prothrombin mutation | 2 (2.7) | 0 |
| Acquired thrombophilia‡‡ | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.4) |
| Familial venous thrombosisa | 1 (1.4) | 0 |
With or without transient risk factor(s).
CVT was not related to the use of central venous catheters, hyperthyroidism, dural arteriovenous fistula, or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
The subcategories of head or neck infections overlap substantially; 41 of 74 (55%) children with a head or neck infection underwent a surgical intervention (26 of 45 [58%] in the rivaroxaban group and 15 of 29 [52%] in the standard anticoagulant group).
Mastoidectomy (n = 4) and medulloblastoma (n = 1).
Percentages calculated for girls aged 12 to 17 years in the rivaroxaban group (n = 5) and in the standard anticoagulation group (n = 4).
Active cancer is defined as presence of metastases or cancer recently (<6 months) diagnosed or treated.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 5) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 2).
Medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Nephrotic syndrome (n = 4) and lupus nephritis (n = 1).
Antiphospholipid syndrome (lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, and/or anti-β2-glycoprotein antibodies); none of the children were triple positive for antiphospholipid antibodies.
First degree (parent or sibling).