Cohort characteristics by first-line management (N = 123)
| Variable . | Overall . | Active surveillance (n = 58) . | Surgical resection (n = 51) . | Systemic treatment (n = 14) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), y | 66 (54-74) | 67 (56-76) | 64 (54-71) | 60 (54-68) | .2 |
| Female sex | 78 (63) | 39 (67) | 31 (61) | 8 (57) | .7 |
| Smoking status | .027 | ||||
| Never | 48 (39) | 25 (43) | 14 (27) | 9 (64) | |
| Current | 12 (9.8) | 3 (5.2) | 9 (18) | 0 (0) | |
| Past (≤10 y) | 11 (8.9) | 3 (5.2) | 6 (12) | 2 (14) | |
| Distant past (>10 y) | 52 (42) | 27 (47) | 22 (43) | 3 (21) | |
| COPD | 20 (17) | 9 (16) | 7 (14) | 4 (29) | .4 |
| Autoimmune/connective tissue disease | 26 (21) | 14 (24) | 7 (14) | 5 (36) | .2 |
| Sjogren’s syndrome | 7 (5.7) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (14) | .3 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 6 (4.9) | 4 (6.9) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | .7 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | .5 |
| Psoriasis | 4 (3.3) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (14) | .09 |
| Other | 11 (8.9) | 7 (12) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (7.1) | .6 |
| History of cancer | 30 (24) | 17 (29) | 12 (24) | 1 (7.1) | .2 |
| Cancer during follow-up | 4 (3.3) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (7.1) | .5 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (26) | 17 (29) | 8 (16) | 7 (50) | .03 |
| B symptoms | 3 (2.4) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | .7 |
| KPS ≤70 | 7 (5.7) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (14) | .07 |
| Variable . | Overall . | Active surveillance (n = 58) . | Surgical resection (n = 51) . | Systemic treatment (n = 14) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), y | 66 (54-74) | 67 (56-76) | 64 (54-71) | 60 (54-68) | .2 |
| Female sex | 78 (63) | 39 (67) | 31 (61) | 8 (57) | .7 |
| Smoking status | .027 | ||||
| Never | 48 (39) | 25 (43) | 14 (27) | 9 (64) | |
| Current | 12 (9.8) | 3 (5.2) | 9 (18) | 0 (0) | |
| Past (≤10 y) | 11 (8.9) | 3 (5.2) | 6 (12) | 2 (14) | |
| Distant past (>10 y) | 52 (42) | 27 (47) | 22 (43) | 3 (21) | |
| COPD | 20 (17) | 9 (16) | 7 (14) | 4 (29) | .4 |
| Autoimmune/connective tissue disease | 26 (21) | 14 (24) | 7 (14) | 5 (36) | .2 |
| Sjogren’s syndrome | 7 (5.7) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (14) | .3 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 6 (4.9) | 4 (6.9) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | .7 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | .5 |
| Psoriasis | 4 (3.3) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (14) | .09 |
| Other | 11 (8.9) | 7 (12) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (7.1) | .6 |
| History of cancer | 30 (24) | 17 (29) | 12 (24) | 1 (7.1) | .2 |
| Cancer during follow-up | 4 (3.3) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (7.1) | .5 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (26) | 17 (29) | 8 (16) | 7 (50) | .03 |
| B symptoms | 3 (2.4) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | .7 |
| KPS ≤70 | 7 (5.7) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (14) | .07 |
Data presented as no. (%) or median (IQR). Boldface P values indicate statistical significance (P < .05).
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; KPS, Karnofsky performance status.