Baseline characteristics by bleeding occurrence and severity
| Baseline characteristics . | Bleeding occurrence and severity . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major bleed (n = 622) . | CRNM bleed (n = 524) . | Minor (n = 1098) . | No bleed (n = 49 702) . | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 316 (50.8) | 225 (42.9) | 498 (45.4) | 21 913 (44.1) |
| Age, median (Q1;Q3), y | 76.0 (70.0;82.0) | 75.0 (68.0;81.0) | 74.0 (66.0;79.0) | 71.0 (62.0;78.0) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 430 (71.4) | 406 (81.4) | 778 (75.5) | 30 338 (62.5) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 36 (6.0) | 22 (4.4) | 41 (4.0) | 3293 (6.8) |
| Asian | 123 (20.4) | 63 (12.6) | 185 (18.0) | 13 883 (28.6) |
| Afro-Caribbean/mixed/other | 13 (2.2) | 8 (1.6) | 26 (2.5) | 1021 (2.1) |
| BMI, median (Q1;Q3), kg/m2 | 26.5 (23.3;31.0) | 27.5 (24.4;30.9) | 27.0 (24.2;31.2) | 26.9 (23.9;30.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (Q1;Q3), mm Hg | 133.0 (120.0;145.0) | 135.0 (120.0;145.0) | 134.0 (120.0;148.0) | 130.0 (120.0;145.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, median (Q1;Q3), mm Hg | 80.0 (70.0;87.5) | 80.0 (70.0;89.0) | 80.0 (70.0;88.0) | 80.0 (70.0;88.0) |
| Pulse, median (Q1;Q3), bpm | 88.0 (72.0;110.0) | 88.0 (71.0;112.0) | 84.0 (70.0;110.0) | 84.0 (70.0;105.0) |
| Type of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | ||||
| Permanent | 68 (10.9) | 76 (14.5) | 129 (11.7) | 6345 (12.8) |
| Persistent | 84 (13.5) | 77 (14.7) | 148 (13.5) | 7439 (15.0) |
| Paroxysmal | 146 (23.5) | 136 (26.0) | 292 (26.6) | 13 709 (27.6) |
| New onset (unclassified) | 324 (52.1) | 235 (44.8) | 529 (48.2) | 22 203 (44.7) |
| Care setting specialty at diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Internal medicine/neurology/geriatrics | 146 (23.5) | 125 (23.9) | 226 (20.6) | 9933 (20.0) |
| Cardiology | 370 (59.5) | 290 (55.3) | 652 (59.4) | 32 826 (66.1) |
| Primary care/general practice | 106 (17.0) | 109 (20.8) | 220 (20.0) | 6937 (14.0) |
| Care setting location at diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Hospital | 343 (55.1) | 275 (52.5) | 598 (54.5) | 29 085 (58.5) |
| Office/anticoagulation clinic/thrombosis center | 168 (27.0) | 158 (30.2) | 335 (30.5) | 15 225 (30.6) |
| Emergency room | 111 (17.8) | 91 (17.4) | 165 (15.0) | 5385 (10.8) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Heart failure | 144 (23.2) | 130 (24.8) | 247 (22.5) | 11 201 (22.5) |
| Acute coronary syndromes | 101 (16.3) | 64 (12.2) | 155 (14.2) | 5208 (10.5) |
| Vascular disease* | 199 (32.2) | 149 (28.5) | 317 (29.0) | 12 129 (24.6) |
| Carotid occlusive disease | 37 (6.0) | 17 (3.3) | 40 (3.7) | 1445 (2.9) |
| VTE | 19 (3.1)) | 24 (4.6) | 35 (3.2) | 1274 (2.6) |
| Prior stroke/TIA/SE | 88 (14.2) | 75 (14.4) | 152 (13.9) | 5514 (11.2) |
| Prior bleeding | 40 (6.5) | 27 (5.2) | 60 (5.5) | 1186 (2.4) |
| Hypertension | 492 (79.4) | 405 (77.4) | 825 (75.1) | 37 823 (76.3) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 281 (46.1) | 240 (47.3) | 490 (45.8) | 19 917 (41.4) |
| Diabetes | 177 (28.5) | 122 (23.3) | 228 (20.8) | 10 998 (22.1) |
| Cirrhosis | 7 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 279 (0.6) |
| Moderate to severe CKD | 138 (22.9) | 102 (20.0) | 186 (17.6) | 4915 (10.3) |
| Dementia | 12 (1.9) | 9 (1.7) | 19 (1.7) | 723 (1.5) |
| Heavy alcohol consumption | 10 (1.9) | 8 (1.9) | 27 (3.0) | 979 (2.3) |
| Current smoker | 54 (9.5) | 26 (5.5) | 81 (8.2) | 5031 (11.1) |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| NOAC ± AP | 160 (26.3) | 148 (28.8) | 307 (28.2) | 13 488 (27.5) |
| VKA ± AP | 311 (51.1) | 247 (48.1) | 529 (48.7) | 19 064 (38.9) |
| AP agent only | 72 (11.8) | 72 (14.0) | 147 (13.5) | 10 457 (21.3) |
| None | 66 (10.8) | 46 (9.0) | 104 (9.6) | 6003 (12.2) |
| AP treatment (alone or in combination) | 222 (36.5) | 176 (34.3) | 359 (33.0) | 17 321 (35.3) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (Q1;Q3) | 4.0 (3.0;5.0) | 4.0 (3.0;5.0) | 3.0 (2.0;5.0) | 3.0 (2.0;4.0) |
| HAS-BLED score, median (Q1;Q3)† | 2.0 (1.0;2.0) | 2.0 (1.0;2.0) | 2.0 (1.0;2.0) | 1.0 (1.0;2.0) |
| GARFIELD death score, median (Q1;Q3)‡ | 4.4 (2.5;7.8) | 3.9 (2.2;6.9) | 3.3 (1.7;6.5) | 2.6 (1.4;4.8) |
| GARFIELD stroke score, median (Q1;Q3)§ | 1.2 (0.9;1.8) | 1.1 (0.8-1.7) | 1.0 (0.7;1.6) | 0.9 (0.6;1.4) |
| GARFIELD bleeding score, median (Q1;Q3)|| | 1.5 (1.0;2.3) | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.3 (0.8;1.9) | 1.0 (0.6;1.5) |
| Baseline characteristics . | Bleeding occurrence and severity . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major bleed (n = 622) . | CRNM bleed (n = 524) . | Minor (n = 1098) . | No bleed (n = 49 702) . | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 316 (50.8) | 225 (42.9) | 498 (45.4) | 21 913 (44.1) |
| Age, median (Q1;Q3), y | 76.0 (70.0;82.0) | 75.0 (68.0;81.0) | 74.0 (66.0;79.0) | 71.0 (62.0;78.0) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 430 (71.4) | 406 (81.4) | 778 (75.5) | 30 338 (62.5) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 36 (6.0) | 22 (4.4) | 41 (4.0) | 3293 (6.8) |
| Asian | 123 (20.4) | 63 (12.6) | 185 (18.0) | 13 883 (28.6) |
| Afro-Caribbean/mixed/other | 13 (2.2) | 8 (1.6) | 26 (2.5) | 1021 (2.1) |
| BMI, median (Q1;Q3), kg/m2 | 26.5 (23.3;31.0) | 27.5 (24.4;30.9) | 27.0 (24.2;31.2) | 26.9 (23.9;30.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (Q1;Q3), mm Hg | 133.0 (120.0;145.0) | 135.0 (120.0;145.0) | 134.0 (120.0;148.0) | 130.0 (120.0;145.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, median (Q1;Q3), mm Hg | 80.0 (70.0;87.5) | 80.0 (70.0;89.0) | 80.0 (70.0;88.0) | 80.0 (70.0;88.0) |
| Pulse, median (Q1;Q3), bpm | 88.0 (72.0;110.0) | 88.0 (71.0;112.0) | 84.0 (70.0;110.0) | 84.0 (70.0;105.0) |
| Type of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | ||||
| Permanent | 68 (10.9) | 76 (14.5) | 129 (11.7) | 6345 (12.8) |
| Persistent | 84 (13.5) | 77 (14.7) | 148 (13.5) | 7439 (15.0) |
| Paroxysmal | 146 (23.5) | 136 (26.0) | 292 (26.6) | 13 709 (27.6) |
| New onset (unclassified) | 324 (52.1) | 235 (44.8) | 529 (48.2) | 22 203 (44.7) |
| Care setting specialty at diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Internal medicine/neurology/geriatrics | 146 (23.5) | 125 (23.9) | 226 (20.6) | 9933 (20.0) |
| Cardiology | 370 (59.5) | 290 (55.3) | 652 (59.4) | 32 826 (66.1) |
| Primary care/general practice | 106 (17.0) | 109 (20.8) | 220 (20.0) | 6937 (14.0) |
| Care setting location at diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Hospital | 343 (55.1) | 275 (52.5) | 598 (54.5) | 29 085 (58.5) |
| Office/anticoagulation clinic/thrombosis center | 168 (27.0) | 158 (30.2) | 335 (30.5) | 15 225 (30.6) |
| Emergency room | 111 (17.8) | 91 (17.4) | 165 (15.0) | 5385 (10.8) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Heart failure | 144 (23.2) | 130 (24.8) | 247 (22.5) | 11 201 (22.5) |
| Acute coronary syndromes | 101 (16.3) | 64 (12.2) | 155 (14.2) | 5208 (10.5) |
| Vascular disease* | 199 (32.2) | 149 (28.5) | 317 (29.0) | 12 129 (24.6) |
| Carotid occlusive disease | 37 (6.0) | 17 (3.3) | 40 (3.7) | 1445 (2.9) |
| VTE | 19 (3.1)) | 24 (4.6) | 35 (3.2) | 1274 (2.6) |
| Prior stroke/TIA/SE | 88 (14.2) | 75 (14.4) | 152 (13.9) | 5514 (11.2) |
| Prior bleeding | 40 (6.5) | 27 (5.2) | 60 (5.5) | 1186 (2.4) |
| Hypertension | 492 (79.4) | 405 (77.4) | 825 (75.1) | 37 823 (76.3) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 281 (46.1) | 240 (47.3) | 490 (45.8) | 19 917 (41.4) |
| Diabetes | 177 (28.5) | 122 (23.3) | 228 (20.8) | 10 998 (22.1) |
| Cirrhosis | 7 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 279 (0.6) |
| Moderate to severe CKD | 138 (22.9) | 102 (20.0) | 186 (17.6) | 4915 (10.3) |
| Dementia | 12 (1.9) | 9 (1.7) | 19 (1.7) | 723 (1.5) |
| Heavy alcohol consumption | 10 (1.9) | 8 (1.9) | 27 (3.0) | 979 (2.3) |
| Current smoker | 54 (9.5) | 26 (5.5) | 81 (8.2) | 5031 (11.1) |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| NOAC ± AP | 160 (26.3) | 148 (28.8) | 307 (28.2) | 13 488 (27.5) |
| VKA ± AP | 311 (51.1) | 247 (48.1) | 529 (48.7) | 19 064 (38.9) |
| AP agent only | 72 (11.8) | 72 (14.0) | 147 (13.5) | 10 457 (21.3) |
| None | 66 (10.8) | 46 (9.0) | 104 (9.6) | 6003 (12.2) |
| AP treatment (alone or in combination) | 222 (36.5) | 176 (34.3) | 359 (33.0) | 17 321 (35.3) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (Q1;Q3) | 4.0 (3.0;5.0) | 4.0 (3.0;5.0) | 3.0 (2.0;5.0) | 3.0 (2.0;4.0) |
| HAS-BLED score, median (Q1;Q3)† | 2.0 (1.0;2.0) | 2.0 (1.0;2.0) | 2.0 (1.0;2.0) | 1.0 (1.0;2.0) |
| GARFIELD death score, median (Q1;Q3)‡ | 4.4 (2.5;7.8) | 3.9 (2.2;6.9) | 3.3 (1.7;6.5) | 2.6 (1.4;4.8) |
| GARFIELD stroke score, median (Q1;Q3)§ | 1.2 (0.9;1.8) | 1.1 (0.8-1.7) | 1.0 (0.7;1.6) | 0.9 (0.6;1.4) |
| GARFIELD bleeding score, median (Q1;Q3)|| | 1.5 (1.0;2.3) | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.3 (0.8;1.9) | 1.0 (0.6;1.5) |
BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; Q, quartile; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Defined as peripheral artery disease and/or coronary artery disease.
The risk factor “labile international normalized ratios” is not included in the HAS-BLED score, as it is not collected at baseline. As a result, the maximum HAS-BLED score at baseline is 8 points (not 9).
The risk of mortality within 1 year.
The risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke/SE within 1 year.
The risk of major bleeding within 1 year.