Comparison of clinical characteristics between AML patients with positive and negative MRD at first and second time points
| Variables . | MRD1st− (n = 156, 53.6%) . | MRD1st+ (n = 135, 46.4%) . | P . | MRD2nd− (n = 207, 71.1%) . | MRD2nd+ (n = 84, 28.9%) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex* | .724 | .518 | ||||
| Male | 85 (54.5) | 70 (51.9) | 113 (54.6) | 42 (50.0) | ||
| Female | 71 (45.5) | 65 (48.1) | 94 (45.4) | 42 (50.0) | ||
| Age, y† | 41 (15-72) | 50 (16-84) | .001 | 43 (15-76) | 53 (16-84) | .001 |
| Laboratory data† | ||||||
| WBCs, ×103/μL | 24.89 (0.86-380.18) | 19.04 (0.76-387.40) | .064 | 24.73 (0.86-387.40) | 18.49 (0.76-248.00) | .153 |
| Hb, g/dL | 8.1 (3.4-15.0) | 8.4 (3.7-14.2) | .162 | 8.2 (3.4-15.0) | 8.4 (4.2-14.2) | .276 |
| Platelets, ×103/μL | 43 (6-712) | 46 (5-514) | .387 | 45 (5-712) | 46 (5-305) | .840 |
| Peripheral blood blasts/μL | 12 330 (0-342 162) | 7523 (0-371 904) | .023 | 10 632 (0-371 940) | 7715 (0-220 720) | .105 |
| LDH, U/L | 799 (182-8693) | 673 (129-7734) | .142 | 782 (137-8693) | 687 (129-7747) | .296 |
| FAB* | ||||||
| M0 | 1 (0.6) | 6 (4.4) | .052 | 2 (1.0) | 5 (6.0) | .023 |
| M1 | 47 (30.1) | 31 (23.0) | .186 | 56 (27.1) | 22 (26.2) | >.999 |
| M2 | 60 (38.5) | 58 (43.0) | .473 | 82 (39.6) | 36 (42.9) | .693 |
| M4 | 38 (24.4) | 35 (25.9) | .787 | 53 (25.6) | 20 (23.8) | .881 |
| M5 | 10 (6.4) | 5 (3.7) | .427 | 14 (6.8) | 1 (1.2) | .075 |
| 2016 WHO Classification* | ||||||
| AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) | 20 (12.8) | 14 (10.4) | .585 | 27 (13.0) | 7 (8.3) | .317 |
| AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) | 13 (8.3) | 3 (2.2) | .036 | 15 (6.8) | 1 (1.2) | .046 |
| AML with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3) | 5 (3.2) | 1 (0.7) | .221 | 5 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | .677 |
| AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34.1) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | .626 | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.2) | >.999 |
| AML with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.5) | .214 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | .083 |
| AML with mutated NPM1 | 25 (16.0) | 36 (26.7) | .030 | 43 (20.8) | 18 (21.4) | .875 |
| AML with biallelic mutations of CEBPA | 35 (22.4) | 13 (9.6) | .004 | 41 (19.8) | 7 (8.3) | .022 |
| Provisional: AML with mutated RUNX1 | 6 (3.8) | 12 (8.9) | .089 | 9 (4.1) | 9 (10.7) | .058 |
| AML with myelodysplasia-related changes | 5 (3.2) | 6 (4.4) | .760 | 5 (2.4) | 6 (7.1) | .084 |
| AML, NOS | ||||||
| AML with minimal differentiation | 0 (0) | 4 (3.0) | .045 | 1 (0.5) | 3 (3.6) | .074 |
| AML without maturation | 15 (9.6) | 11 (8.1) | .686 | 18 (8.7) | 8 (9.5) | .823 |
| AML with maturation | 17 (10.1) | 21 (15.6) | .296 | 23 (11.1) | 13 (15.5) | .328 |
| Acute myelomonocytic leukemia | 11 (7.1) | 10 (7.4) | >.999 | 13 (6.3) | 8 (9.5) | .327 |
| Acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | .626 | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | .328 |
| Cytogenetic risk*‡ | ||||||
| Favorable | 33 (21.2) | 17 (13.0) | .069 | 42 (20.5) | 8 (9.8) | .030 |
| Intermediate | 117 (75.0) | 104 (79.4) | .379 | 158 (77.1) | 63 (76.8) | .965 |
| Unfavorable | 6 (3.8) | 10 (7.6) | .164 | 5 (2.4) | 11 (13.4) | <.001 |
| 2017 ELN riskstratification* | ||||||
| Favorable | 85 (54.5) | 60 (44.4) | .100 | 117 (56.5) | 28 (33.3) | <.001 |
| Intermediate | 45 (28.8) | 41 (30.4) | .798 | 57 (27.5) | 29 (34.5) | .258 |
| Unfavorable | 26 (16.7) | 34 (25.2) | .082 | 33 (15.9) | 27 (32.1) | .004 |
| Number of cycle(s) to attain CR* | .779 | .063 | ||||
| One cycle | 120 (76.9) | 106 (78.5) | 167 (80.7) | 59 (70.2) | ||
| Two cycles | 36 (23.1) | 29 (21.5) | 40 (19.3) | 25 (29.8) | ||
| HSCT at CR1* | 35 (22.4) | 32 (23.7) | .889 | 45 (21.7) | 22 (26.2) | .444 |
| Relapse* | 61 (39.1) | 77 (57.0) | .003 | 83 (40.1) | 55 (65.5) | <.001 |
| Variables . | MRD1st− (n = 156, 53.6%) . | MRD1st+ (n = 135, 46.4%) . | P . | MRD2nd− (n = 207, 71.1%) . | MRD2nd+ (n = 84, 28.9%) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex* | .724 | .518 | ||||
| Male | 85 (54.5) | 70 (51.9) | 113 (54.6) | 42 (50.0) | ||
| Female | 71 (45.5) | 65 (48.1) | 94 (45.4) | 42 (50.0) | ||
| Age, y† | 41 (15-72) | 50 (16-84) | .001 | 43 (15-76) | 53 (16-84) | .001 |
| Laboratory data† | ||||||
| WBCs, ×103/μL | 24.89 (0.86-380.18) | 19.04 (0.76-387.40) | .064 | 24.73 (0.86-387.40) | 18.49 (0.76-248.00) | .153 |
| Hb, g/dL | 8.1 (3.4-15.0) | 8.4 (3.7-14.2) | .162 | 8.2 (3.4-15.0) | 8.4 (4.2-14.2) | .276 |
| Platelets, ×103/μL | 43 (6-712) | 46 (5-514) | .387 | 45 (5-712) | 46 (5-305) | .840 |
| Peripheral blood blasts/μL | 12 330 (0-342 162) | 7523 (0-371 904) | .023 | 10 632 (0-371 940) | 7715 (0-220 720) | .105 |
| LDH, U/L | 799 (182-8693) | 673 (129-7734) | .142 | 782 (137-8693) | 687 (129-7747) | .296 |
| FAB* | ||||||
| M0 | 1 (0.6) | 6 (4.4) | .052 | 2 (1.0) | 5 (6.0) | .023 |
| M1 | 47 (30.1) | 31 (23.0) | .186 | 56 (27.1) | 22 (26.2) | >.999 |
| M2 | 60 (38.5) | 58 (43.0) | .473 | 82 (39.6) | 36 (42.9) | .693 |
| M4 | 38 (24.4) | 35 (25.9) | .787 | 53 (25.6) | 20 (23.8) | .881 |
| M5 | 10 (6.4) | 5 (3.7) | .427 | 14 (6.8) | 1 (1.2) | .075 |
| 2016 WHO Classification* | ||||||
| AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) | 20 (12.8) | 14 (10.4) | .585 | 27 (13.0) | 7 (8.3) | .317 |
| AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) | 13 (8.3) | 3 (2.2) | .036 | 15 (6.8) | 1 (1.2) | .046 |
| AML with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3) | 5 (3.2) | 1 (0.7) | .221 | 5 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | .677 |
| AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34.1) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | .626 | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.2) | >.999 |
| AML with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.5) | .214 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | .083 |
| AML with mutated NPM1 | 25 (16.0) | 36 (26.7) | .030 | 43 (20.8) | 18 (21.4) | .875 |
| AML with biallelic mutations of CEBPA | 35 (22.4) | 13 (9.6) | .004 | 41 (19.8) | 7 (8.3) | .022 |
| Provisional: AML with mutated RUNX1 | 6 (3.8) | 12 (8.9) | .089 | 9 (4.1) | 9 (10.7) | .058 |
| AML with myelodysplasia-related changes | 5 (3.2) | 6 (4.4) | .760 | 5 (2.4) | 6 (7.1) | .084 |
| AML, NOS | ||||||
| AML with minimal differentiation | 0 (0) | 4 (3.0) | .045 | 1 (0.5) | 3 (3.6) | .074 |
| AML without maturation | 15 (9.6) | 11 (8.1) | .686 | 18 (8.7) | 8 (9.5) | .823 |
| AML with maturation | 17 (10.1) | 21 (15.6) | .296 | 23 (11.1) | 13 (15.5) | .328 |
| Acute myelomonocytic leukemia | 11 (7.1) | 10 (7.4) | >.999 | 13 (6.3) | 8 (9.5) | .327 |
| Acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | .626 | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | .328 |
| Cytogenetic risk*‡ | ||||||
| Favorable | 33 (21.2) | 17 (13.0) | .069 | 42 (20.5) | 8 (9.8) | .030 |
| Intermediate | 117 (75.0) | 104 (79.4) | .379 | 158 (77.1) | 63 (76.8) | .965 |
| Unfavorable | 6 (3.8) | 10 (7.6) | .164 | 5 (2.4) | 11 (13.4) | <.001 |
| 2017 ELN riskstratification* | ||||||
| Favorable | 85 (54.5) | 60 (44.4) | .100 | 117 (56.5) | 28 (33.3) | <.001 |
| Intermediate | 45 (28.8) | 41 (30.4) | .798 | 57 (27.5) | 29 (34.5) | .258 |
| Unfavorable | 26 (16.7) | 34 (25.2) | .082 | 33 (15.9) | 27 (32.1) | .004 |
| Number of cycle(s) to attain CR* | .779 | .063 | ||||
| One cycle | 120 (76.9) | 106 (78.5) | 167 (80.7) | 59 (70.2) | ||
| Two cycles | 36 (23.1) | 29 (21.5) | 40 (19.3) | 25 (29.8) | ||
| HSCT at CR1* | 35 (22.4) | 32 (23.7) | .889 | 45 (21.7) | 22 (26.2) | .444 |
| Relapse* | 61 (39.1) | 77 (57.0) | .003 | 83 (40.1) | 55 (65.5) | <.001 |
The MRD positivity and negativity are evaluated after excluding DTA mutations. FAB, French-American-British classification; Hb, hemoglobin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NOS, not otherwise specified; PR, partial remission.
Number of patients (%).
Median (range).
According to the refined Medical Research Council criteria. Cytogenetics data were not available for 4 patients.