Literature reviews: characteristics and outcomes for pregnancy in patients with in situ inferior vena cava filter
| Characteristics at time of insertion IVC filter . | Pregnancy characteristics and obstetric outcomes . | Management and complications . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient no., study . | Age, y . | Indication . | Location, type, and timing . | Pregnancy no. . | Years since IVC filter . | Parity . | Mode of delivery . | Pregnancy outcome . | Anticoagulants during pregnancy . | Pregnancy- related VTE?* . | Complications† IVC filter . |
| 19 | 32 | PE | Infrarenal Retrievable (subtype NR)‡ 15th week of pregnancy | 1 | NR | NR | NR | “Uneventful pregnancy” | LMWH ± ASA§ | NR | NR |
| 2 | NR | NR | NR | “Uneventful pregnancy” | LMWH ± ASA§ | NR | NR | ||||
| 216 | 17 | PE following recent surgery | Location NR Retrievable (Günther Tulip)ǁ Outside pregnancy | 1 | 3 | 0 | Emergency CS at 42 wk | Healthy neonate | ASA | No | No |
| 2 | 5 | 1 | Elective CS at 40 wk | Healthy neonate | ASA | No | No | ||||
| 3 | 7 | 2 | Elective CS at 38 wk | Healthy neonate | ASA | No | No | ||||
| 316 | 27 | Recurrent VTE despite anticoagulants | Location NR Permanent (Bird’s Nest) Outside pregnancy | 1 | 2 | 0 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 2 | 4 | 1 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 wk | Healthy neonates (twins) | LMWH¶ | No | No | ||||
| 416 | 35 | Pregnancy-related DVT | Location NR Permanent (Bird’s Nest) 35th week of pregnancy | 1 | 4 | 1 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 41 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 516 | 23 | Pregnancy-related DVT | Location NR Permanent (Bird’s Nest) 11th week of pregnancy | 1 | 8 | 1 | Elective CS at 38 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 616 | 25 | Pregnancy-related DVT | Location NR Retrievable (Günther Tulip)ǁ 34th week of pregnancy | 1 | 4 | 1 | Emergency CS at 41 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 717 | 24 | DVT | Location NR Permanent (Greenfield) Outside pregnancy | 1 | NR | 1 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 36 wk | Healthy neonate | NR | No | No |
| 818 | 27 | Recurrent VTE, warfarin allergy, and retroperitoneal hematoma | Infrarenal Permanent (TrapEase)# Outside pregnancy | 1 | 4 | 0 | Emergency CS at 24 wk | Fetus died shortly after birth | LMWH¶ | No | Uterine trauma and massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage caused by perforation of IVC filter struts |
| 919 | 27 | Recurrent VTE | Location and filter type NR Outside pregnancy | 1 | <1 | 0 | NR | NR | LMWH¶ | No | NR |
| Characteristics at time of insertion IVC filter . | Pregnancy characteristics and obstetric outcomes . | Management and complications . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient no., study . | Age, y . | Indication . | Location, type, and timing . | Pregnancy no. . | Years since IVC filter . | Parity . | Mode of delivery . | Pregnancy outcome . | Anticoagulants during pregnancy . | Pregnancy- related VTE?* . | Complications† IVC filter . |
| 19 | 32 | PE | Infrarenal Retrievable (subtype NR)‡ 15th week of pregnancy | 1 | NR | NR | NR | “Uneventful pregnancy” | LMWH ± ASA§ | NR | NR |
| 2 | NR | NR | NR | “Uneventful pregnancy” | LMWH ± ASA§ | NR | NR | ||||
| 216 | 17 | PE following recent surgery | Location NR Retrievable (Günther Tulip)ǁ Outside pregnancy | 1 | 3 | 0 | Emergency CS at 42 wk | Healthy neonate | ASA | No | No |
| 2 | 5 | 1 | Elective CS at 40 wk | Healthy neonate | ASA | No | No | ||||
| 3 | 7 | 2 | Elective CS at 38 wk | Healthy neonate | ASA | No | No | ||||
| 316 | 27 | Recurrent VTE despite anticoagulants | Location NR Permanent (Bird’s Nest) Outside pregnancy | 1 | 2 | 0 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 2 | 4 | 1 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 wk | Healthy neonates (twins) | LMWH¶ | No | No | ||||
| 416 | 35 | Pregnancy-related DVT | Location NR Permanent (Bird’s Nest) 35th week of pregnancy | 1 | 4 | 1 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 41 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 516 | 23 | Pregnancy-related DVT | Location NR Permanent (Bird’s Nest) 11th week of pregnancy | 1 | 8 | 1 | Elective CS at 38 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 616 | 25 | Pregnancy-related DVT | Location NR Retrievable (Günther Tulip)ǁ 34th week of pregnancy | 1 | 4 | 1 | Emergency CS at 41 wk | Healthy neonate | LMWH¶ | No | No |
| 717 | 24 | DVT | Location NR Permanent (Greenfield) Outside pregnancy | 1 | NR | 1 | Spontaneous vaginal delivery at 36 wk | Healthy neonate | NR | No | No |
| 818 | 27 | Recurrent VTE, warfarin allergy, and retroperitoneal hematoma | Infrarenal Permanent (TrapEase)# Outside pregnancy | 1 | 4 | 0 | Emergency CS at 24 wk | Fetus died shortly after birth | LMWH¶ | No | Uterine trauma and massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage caused by perforation of IVC filter struts |
| 919 | 27 | Recurrent VTE | Location and filter type NR Outside pregnancy | 1 | <1 | 0 | NR | NR | LMWH¶ | No | NR |
ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CS, cesarean section; NR, not reported.
During pregnancy or up to 6 wk postpartum.
Complications of IVC filter include: migration, tilt, fracture, penetration of the vena cava wall, IVC filter thrombosis, or bleeding caused by IVC filter complications.
Complicated insertion: filter misplacement into external iliac vein, associated penetration of IVC wall.
It was unclear whether ASA was added to LMWH treatment in this pregnancy.
Failure of IVC retrieval.
Dose of LMWH was not reported
Known complication IVC filter before pregnancy: asymptomatic, chronic perforation of the IVC wall by struts and barbs of the IVC filter.