Table 1. Detrimental effects associated... | American Society of Hematology

Table 1.

Detrimental effects associated with low hemoglobin level in sickle cell disease

Organ system	Detrimental effects
Cardiac	Cardiomegaly, left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfunction^12,18
Pulmonary	Elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity and pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary hypertension^12,23,32
Renal	Albuminuria, sickle nephropathy^28,32
Neurological	Increased TCD velocity, stroke, silent cerebral infarction, neurocognitive impairment, proliferative retinopathy, cerebral vasculopathy and moyamoya syndrome^12,20,98
Musculoskeletal	Bone infarction, osteonecrosis, chronic skin ulcers, low bone mineral density^20,22,72
General	Fatigue, weakness, disability, health-related quality of life^99,100

Organ system	Detrimental effects
Cardiac	Cardiomegaly, left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfunction^12,18
Pulmonary	Elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity and pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary hypertension^12,23,32
Renal	Albuminuria, sickle nephropathy^28,32
Neurological	Increased TCD velocity, stroke, silent cerebral infarction, neurocognitive impairment, proliferative retinopathy, cerebral vasculopathy and moyamoya syndrome^12,20,98
Musculoskeletal	Bone infarction, osteonecrosis, chronic skin ulcers, low bone mineral density^20,22,72
General	Fatigue, weakness, disability, health-related quality of life^99,100