Table 1.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with MM at diagnosis included in the study (n = 10 822)

OverallAMC (× 103/mm3)P value
Low (<200)Normal (200 to <800)Elevated (800 to <1250)Severely elevated (≥1250)
Number of patients, n (%) 10 822 539 (5.0) 8085 (74.7) 1803 (16.7) 395 (3.6)  
Age at diagnosis, median [IQR] 69.7 [62.9-77.0] 72.6 [65.4-78.6] 69.7 [62.9-77.0] 69.1 [62.5-76.3] 68.7 [61.8-76.2] <.001 
Median follow up, median [IQR] 2.92 [1.33-5.26] 2.20 [0.70-4.29] 3.03 [1.47-5.36] 2.67 [1.16-5.05] 2.47 [0.93-4.63] <.001 
Male sex, n (%) 10562 (97.6) 525 (97.4) 7880 (97.5) 1767 (98.0) 390 (98.7) .247 
Race, n (%) .027 
Black 2701 (25.0) 119 (22.1, 4.4∗) 2052 (25.4, 76.0∗) 415 (23.0, 15.4∗) 115 (29.1, 4.3∗)  
White 6546 (60.5) 327 (60.7, 5.0∗) 4851 (60.0, 74.1∗) 1130 (62.7, 17.3∗) 238 (60.3, 3.6∗)  
Other/Unknown 1575 (14.5) 93 (17.3, 5.9∗) 1182 (14.6, 75.0∗) 258 (14.3, 16.4∗) 42 (10.6, 2.7∗)  
Smoking status† (%) 0.144 
Never 2411 (22.3) 114 (4.7)∗  1816 (75.3)∗  388 (16.1)∗  93 (3.9)∗   
Current/ Former 6893 (63.7) 327 (4.7)∗  5147 (74.7)∗  1171 (17.0)∗  248 (3.6)∗   
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI score) 0.157 
No comorbidities 466 (4.3) 22 (4.7)∗  332 (71.2)∗  95 (20.4)∗  17 (3.7)∗   
Mild (1 - 2) 5998 (55.4) 289 (4.8)∗  4546 (75.8)∗  946 (15.8)∗  217 (3.6)∗   
Moderate (3 - 4) 3198 (29.6) 166 (5.2)∗  2353 (73.6)∗  566 (17.7)∗  113 (3.5)∗   
Severe (>5) 1160 (10.7) 62 (5.3)∗  854 (73.6)∗  196 (16.9)∗  48 (4.1)∗   
Distribution of ISS stages across the 4 AMC groups, n (%)†  <.001 
Stage 1 1304 (26.7) 43 (3.3)∗  1037 (79.5)∗  190 (14.6)∗  34 (2.6)∗   
Stage 2 2243 (45.9) 123 (5.5)∗  1697 (75.7)∗  363 (16.2)∗  60 (2.7)∗   
Stage 3 1338 (27.4) 80 (6.0)∗  987 (73.8)∗  214 (16.0)∗  57 (4.3)∗   
β2m†  <.001 
β2m, median [IQR] 3.9 [2.7-5.7] 4.4 [3.1-6.0] 3.8 [2.7-5.6] 4.0 [2.7-5.8] 4.8 [2.8-6.8]  
Serum albumin†  <.001 
Low albumin, n (%) 4938 (45.6) 288 (5.8)∗  3579 (72.5)∗  855 (17.3)∗  216 (4.4)∗   
Albumin, median [IQR] (g/dL) 3.50 [3.00-3.90] 3.30 [2.90-3.80] 3.50 [3.00-3.90] 3.48 [2.90-3.90] 3.30 [2.80-3.80]  
Creatinine, median [IQR] (mg/dL) 1.2 [1.0-1.8] 1.3 [1.0-1.7] 1.2 [1.0-1.7] 1.3 [1.0-2.0] 1.3 [1.0-2.3] <.001 
Serum LDH†  <.001 
High LDH, n (%) 1228 (21.3) 85 (6.9)∗  825 (67.2)∗  239 (19.5)∗  79 (6.4)∗   
LDH, median [IQR] (U/L) 169 [132-228] 168 [123-246] 166 [130-220] 179 [139-246] 216 [161-345]  
TP53 Deletion†  163 (9.2) 25 (15.3)∗  104 (63.8)∗  26 (15.9)∗  8 (4.9)∗  <.001 
MM diagnosis date, n (%) .002 
<2007 2783 (25.7) 174 (6.3)∗  2034 (73.1)∗  456 (16.4)∗  119 (4.3)∗   
≥2007 to <2012 2723 (25.2) 133 (4.9)∗  2050 (75.3)∗  457 (16.8)∗  83 (3.0)∗   
≥2012 5316 (49.1) 232 (4.4)∗  4001 (75.3)∗  890 (16.7)∗  193 (3.6)∗   
OverallAMC (× 103/mm3)P value
Low (<200)Normal (200 to <800)Elevated (800 to <1250)Severely elevated (≥1250)
Number of patients, n (%) 10 822 539 (5.0) 8085 (74.7) 1803 (16.7) 395 (3.6)  
Age at diagnosis, median [IQR] 69.7 [62.9-77.0] 72.6 [65.4-78.6] 69.7 [62.9-77.0] 69.1 [62.5-76.3] 68.7 [61.8-76.2] <.001 
Median follow up, median [IQR] 2.92 [1.33-5.26] 2.20 [0.70-4.29] 3.03 [1.47-5.36] 2.67 [1.16-5.05] 2.47 [0.93-4.63] <.001 
Male sex, n (%) 10562 (97.6) 525 (97.4) 7880 (97.5) 1767 (98.0) 390 (98.7) .247 
Race, n (%) .027 
Black 2701 (25.0) 119 (22.1, 4.4∗) 2052 (25.4, 76.0∗) 415 (23.0, 15.4∗) 115 (29.1, 4.3∗)  
White 6546 (60.5) 327 (60.7, 5.0∗) 4851 (60.0, 74.1∗) 1130 (62.7, 17.3∗) 238 (60.3, 3.6∗)  
Other/Unknown 1575 (14.5) 93 (17.3, 5.9∗) 1182 (14.6, 75.0∗) 258 (14.3, 16.4∗) 42 (10.6, 2.7∗)  
Smoking status† (%) 0.144 
Never 2411 (22.3) 114 (4.7)∗  1816 (75.3)∗  388 (16.1)∗  93 (3.9)∗   
Current/ Former 6893 (63.7) 327 (4.7)∗  5147 (74.7)∗  1171 (17.0)∗  248 (3.6)∗   
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI score) 0.157 
No comorbidities 466 (4.3) 22 (4.7)∗  332 (71.2)∗  95 (20.4)∗  17 (3.7)∗   
Mild (1 - 2) 5998 (55.4) 289 (4.8)∗  4546 (75.8)∗  946 (15.8)∗  217 (3.6)∗   
Moderate (3 - 4) 3198 (29.6) 166 (5.2)∗  2353 (73.6)∗  566 (17.7)∗  113 (3.5)∗   
Severe (>5) 1160 (10.7) 62 (5.3)∗  854 (73.6)∗  196 (16.9)∗  48 (4.1)∗   
Distribution of ISS stages across the 4 AMC groups, n (%)†  <.001 
Stage 1 1304 (26.7) 43 (3.3)∗  1037 (79.5)∗  190 (14.6)∗  34 (2.6)∗   
Stage 2 2243 (45.9) 123 (5.5)∗  1697 (75.7)∗  363 (16.2)∗  60 (2.7)∗   
Stage 3 1338 (27.4) 80 (6.0)∗  987 (73.8)∗  214 (16.0)∗  57 (4.3)∗   
β2m†  <.001 
β2m, median [IQR] 3.9 [2.7-5.7] 4.4 [3.1-6.0] 3.8 [2.7-5.6] 4.0 [2.7-5.8] 4.8 [2.8-6.8]  
Serum albumin†  <.001 
Low albumin, n (%) 4938 (45.6) 288 (5.8)∗  3579 (72.5)∗  855 (17.3)∗  216 (4.4)∗   
Albumin, median [IQR] (g/dL) 3.50 [3.00-3.90] 3.30 [2.90-3.80] 3.50 [3.00-3.90] 3.48 [2.90-3.90] 3.30 [2.80-3.80]  
Creatinine, median [IQR] (mg/dL) 1.2 [1.0-1.8] 1.3 [1.0-1.7] 1.2 [1.0-1.7] 1.3 [1.0-2.0] 1.3 [1.0-2.3] <.001 
Serum LDH†  <.001 
High LDH, n (%) 1228 (21.3) 85 (6.9)∗  825 (67.2)∗  239 (19.5)∗  79 (6.4)∗   
LDH, median [IQR] (U/L) 169 [132-228] 168 [123-246] 166 [130-220] 179 [139-246] 216 [161-345]  
TP53 Deletion†  163 (9.2) 25 (15.3)∗  104 (63.8)∗  26 (15.9)∗  8 (4.9)∗  <.001 
MM diagnosis date, n (%) .002 
<2007 2783 (25.7) 174 (6.3)∗  2034 (73.1)∗  456 (16.4)∗  119 (4.3)∗   
≥2007 to <2012 2723 (25.2) 133 (4.9)∗  2050 (75.3)∗  457 (16.8)∗  83 (3.0)∗   
≥2012 5316 (49.1) 232 (4.4)∗  4001 (75.3)∗  890 (16.7)∗  193 (3.6)∗   
∗

Denotes row percentages.

†

Data available on 9304 (86.0%) patients on smoking status, 4885 (45.1%) patients on ISS Staging, 4944 (46.1%) patients on β2m, 5763 (53.3%) patients on LDH >243 U/L and 1783 (16.4%) patients on TP53 deletion.

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