Interactions and effects of TSPANs on malignant hematologic cells
| Protein . | Cancer . | Function/interaction . | Ref . |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD9 | B-ALL | Modulates CXCR-4–mediated cell migration through RAC1 signaling | 28 |
| Regulates LSC activity | 29 | ||
| Poor prognostic marker and blockade with anti-CD9 antibodies suppressed disease progression and enhanced chemosensitivity in vivo | 30 | ||
| Activates PI3K/Akt signaling via direct interaction with PI3K/p85 | 31 | ||
| Mediates cellular adhesion and inhibits cellular death via a p53-dependent mechanism | 32 | ||
| B-CLL | Abnormal expression associated with disease infiltration patterns | 33 | |
| AML | Relevant marker for MRD and targeting of LSCs | 34 | |
| AML, CML, lymphoma | Mediates self-renewal of LSCs via STAT5B signaling | 35 | |
| Multiple myeloma | Enhances susceptibility to cell-mediated cytolysis | 36 | |
| CD37 | CLL | Mediates prosurvival signaling via PI3K through ITAM-like motif in C-terminus, induces SHP1-dependent apoptotic signaling through ITIM-like motif in N-terminus | 37 |
| AML | Poor prognostic marker | 38 | |
| CD53 | Lymphoma | Increases Bcl-XL and decreases bax expression via activation of Akt | 39 |
| CD63 | AML | Expression on exosomes induces interleukin-8 production in bone marrow stromal cells to induce chemoprotection | 40 |
| CD81 | B-ALL | Loss of expression associated with mature B-cells being ready to migrate and leave the BM | 41 |
| Mediates BMC and in vivo BM homing and engraftment, controls BTK signaling through CD19 expression, thereby inhibiting p53-mediated cell death | 42 | ||
| AML | Controls cellular adhesion, migration, BM homing, and drug resistance | 43 | |
| B-CLL | Abnormal expression associated with disease infiltration patterns | 33 | |
| CD82 | AML | BM homing via N-cadherin organization | 44 |
| LSC adhesion and survival through STAT5/interleukin-10 | 45 | ||
| Akt regulation of BCL2L12 | 46 | ||
| Increases expression of EZH2 by inhibiting p38 activity | 47 | ||
| Activates β1 integrin and PKCα signaling | 48 | ||
| Promotes survival via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling | 49 | ||
| B-ALL | Higher expression in malignant cells compared with nonmalignant cells, prognosis marker | 50 |
| Protein . | Cancer . | Function/interaction . | Ref . |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD9 | B-ALL | Modulates CXCR-4–mediated cell migration through RAC1 signaling | 28 |
| Regulates LSC activity | 29 | ||
| Poor prognostic marker and blockade with anti-CD9 antibodies suppressed disease progression and enhanced chemosensitivity in vivo | 30 | ||
| Activates PI3K/Akt signaling via direct interaction with PI3K/p85 | 31 | ||
| Mediates cellular adhesion and inhibits cellular death via a p53-dependent mechanism | 32 | ||
| B-CLL | Abnormal expression associated with disease infiltration patterns | 33 | |
| AML | Relevant marker for MRD and targeting of LSCs | 34 | |
| AML, CML, lymphoma | Mediates self-renewal of LSCs via STAT5B signaling | 35 | |
| Multiple myeloma | Enhances susceptibility to cell-mediated cytolysis | 36 | |
| CD37 | CLL | Mediates prosurvival signaling via PI3K through ITAM-like motif in C-terminus, induces SHP1-dependent apoptotic signaling through ITIM-like motif in N-terminus | 37 |
| AML | Poor prognostic marker | 38 | |
| CD53 | Lymphoma | Increases Bcl-XL and decreases bax expression via activation of Akt | 39 |
| CD63 | AML | Expression on exosomes induces interleukin-8 production in bone marrow stromal cells to induce chemoprotection | 40 |
| CD81 | B-ALL | Loss of expression associated with mature B-cells being ready to migrate and leave the BM | 41 |
| Mediates BMC and in vivo BM homing and engraftment, controls BTK signaling through CD19 expression, thereby inhibiting p53-mediated cell death | 42 | ||
| AML | Controls cellular adhesion, migration, BM homing, and drug resistance | 43 | |
| B-CLL | Abnormal expression associated with disease infiltration patterns | 33 | |
| CD82 | AML | BM homing via N-cadherin organization | 44 |
| LSC adhesion and survival through STAT5/interleukin-10 | 45 | ||
| Akt regulation of BCL2L12 | 46 | ||
| Increases expression of EZH2 by inhibiting p38 activity | 47 | ||
| Activates β1 integrin and PKCα signaling | 48 | ||
| Promotes survival via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling | 49 | ||
| B-ALL | Higher expression in malignant cells compared with nonmalignant cells, prognosis marker | 50 |
TSPANs have a large variety of interacting partners and can mediate many different cellular processes.
B-CLL, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; BTK, Bruton tyrosine kinase; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif; LSC, leukemic stem cell; MRD, measurable residual disease; PKC, protein kinase Cα.