Characteristics of veterans with newly diagnosed MM initially treated with either VRd or Rd before and after matching based on stage and PS within each frailty category
| . | Rd before matching (N = 1583) . | VRd before matching (N = 990) . | SMD before matching . | Rd after matching (N = 788) . | VRd after matching (N = 788) . | SMD after matching . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 70.6 (65.1-78.1) | 68.7 (63.2-72.6) | 0.399 | 68.3 (62.9-74.3) | 69.7 (64.4-73.5) | 0.041 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.27 | 0.034 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1035 (65.4) | 526 (53.1) | 469 (59.5) | 467 (59.3) | ||
| Black | 362 (22.9) | 334 (33.7) | 215 (27.3) | 223 (28.3) | ||
| Hispanic | 70 (4.4) | 59 (6.0) | 42 (5.3) | 42 (5.3) | ||
| Other | 116 (7.3) | 71 (7.2) | 62 (7.9) | 56 (7.1) | ||
| Frailty, n (%) | 0.043 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Nonfrail (VA-FI < 0.2) | 760 (48.0) | 463 (46.8) | 389 (49.4) | 389 (49.4) | ||
| Mild frailty (VA-FI = 0.2-0.3) | 439 (27.7) | 294 (29.7) | 226 (28.7) | 226 (28.7) | ||
| Moderate-severe frailty (VA- FI ≥ 0.3) | 384 (24.3) | 233 (23.5) | 173 (22.0) | 173 (22.0) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.063 | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.010 |
| Myeloma stage, n (%) | 0.361 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Stage I | 349 (22.0) | 91 (9.2) | 76 (9.6) | 76 (9.6) | ||
| Stage II | 350 (22.1) | 241 (24.3) | 200 (25.4) | 200 (25.4) | ||
| Stage III | 527 (33.3) | 392 (39.6) | 318 (40.4) | 318 (40.4) | ||
| Missing | 357 (22.6) | 266 (26.9) | 194 (24.6) | 194 (24.6) | ||
| Pretreatment laboratory levels, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.20 (0.97-1.50) | 1.18 (0.96-1.51) | 0.013 | 1.15 (0.94-1.46) | 1.15 (0.94-1.50) | 0.026 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.10 (8.70-9.60) | 9.20 (8.80-9.70) | 0.168 | 9.20 (8.80-9.66) | 9.20 (8.80-9.70) | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.10 (9.70-12.50) | 10.90 (9.30-12.47) | 0.066 | 11.01 (9.60-12.62) | 11.10 (9.50-12.60) | 0.010 |
| Platelets (n per mL) | 205.00 (158.50-250.00) | 202.00 (160.00-252.75) | 0.014 | 203.00 (158.00-250.00) | 204.42 (162.00-252.00) | 0.029 |
| Rurality of veteran, n (%) | 0.099 | 0.030 | ||||
| Rural | 561 (35.4) | 306 (30.9) | 263 (33.4) | 261 (33.1) | ||
| Urban | 1012 (63.9) | 679 (68.6) | 518 (65.7) | 522 (66.2) | ||
| Unknown | 10 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 7 (0.9) | 5 (0.6) | ||
| Polypharmacy (≥5 medications), n (%) | 522 (33.0) | 333 (33.6) | 0.014 | 265 (33.6) | 264 (33.5) | 0.003 |
| Healthcare utilization in the year before treatment, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Any hospital utilization | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.017 | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.040 |
| Any ED utilization | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.309 | 0.00 (0.00-2.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.060 |
| Any NH utilization | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.096 | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.019 |
| . | Rd before matching (N = 1583) . | VRd before matching (N = 990) . | SMD before matching . | Rd after matching (N = 788) . | VRd after matching (N = 788) . | SMD after matching . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 70.6 (65.1-78.1) | 68.7 (63.2-72.6) | 0.399 | 68.3 (62.9-74.3) | 69.7 (64.4-73.5) | 0.041 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.27 | 0.034 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1035 (65.4) | 526 (53.1) | 469 (59.5) | 467 (59.3) | ||
| Black | 362 (22.9) | 334 (33.7) | 215 (27.3) | 223 (28.3) | ||
| Hispanic | 70 (4.4) | 59 (6.0) | 42 (5.3) | 42 (5.3) | ||
| Other | 116 (7.3) | 71 (7.2) | 62 (7.9) | 56 (7.1) | ||
| Frailty, n (%) | 0.043 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Nonfrail (VA-FI < 0.2) | 760 (48.0) | 463 (46.8) | 389 (49.4) | 389 (49.4) | ||
| Mild frailty (VA-FI = 0.2-0.3) | 439 (27.7) | 294 (29.7) | 226 (28.7) | 226 (28.7) | ||
| Moderate-severe frailty (VA- FI ≥ 0.3) | 384 (24.3) | 233 (23.5) | 173 (22.0) | 173 (22.0) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.063 | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.010 |
| Myeloma stage, n (%) | 0.361 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Stage I | 349 (22.0) | 91 (9.2) | 76 (9.6) | 76 (9.6) | ||
| Stage II | 350 (22.1) | 241 (24.3) | 200 (25.4) | 200 (25.4) | ||
| Stage III | 527 (33.3) | 392 (39.6) | 318 (40.4) | 318 (40.4) | ||
| Missing | 357 (22.6) | 266 (26.9) | 194 (24.6) | 194 (24.6) | ||
| Pretreatment laboratory levels, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.20 (0.97-1.50) | 1.18 (0.96-1.51) | 0.013 | 1.15 (0.94-1.46) | 1.15 (0.94-1.50) | 0.026 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.10 (8.70-9.60) | 9.20 (8.80-9.70) | 0.168 | 9.20 (8.80-9.66) | 9.20 (8.80-9.70) | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.10 (9.70-12.50) | 10.90 (9.30-12.47) | 0.066 | 11.01 (9.60-12.62) | 11.10 (9.50-12.60) | 0.010 |
| Platelets (n per mL) | 205.00 (158.50-250.00) | 202.00 (160.00-252.75) | 0.014 | 203.00 (158.00-250.00) | 204.42 (162.00-252.00) | 0.029 |
| Rurality of veteran, n (%) | 0.099 | 0.030 | ||||
| Rural | 561 (35.4) | 306 (30.9) | 263 (33.4) | 261 (33.1) | ||
| Urban | 1012 (63.9) | 679 (68.6) | 518 (65.7) | 522 (66.2) | ||
| Unknown | 10 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 7 (0.9) | 5 (0.6) | ||
| Polypharmacy (≥5 medications), n (%) | 522 (33.0) | 333 (33.6) | 0.014 | 265 (33.6) | 264 (33.5) | 0.003 |
| Healthcare utilization in the year before treatment, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Any hospital utilization | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.017 | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 0.040 |
| Any ED utilization | 0.00 (0.00-1.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.309 | 0.00 (0.00-2.00) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.060 |
| Any NH utilization | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.096 | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.019 |
ED, emergency department; IQR, interquartile range; NH, nursing home utilization (including postacute care/rehabilitation).