Clinical characteristics of included patients according to CTC burden
| . | Total (n = 126 [100%]) . | Patients with low CTCs (n = 72 [57.1%]) . | Patients with high CTCs (n = 54 [42.9%]) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 78 (73-83) | 78 (71-83) | 80 (75-83) | .32 |
| Age ≥80 y, n (%) | 58 (46.0) | 31 (43.1) | 27 (51.9) | .34 |
| Female, n (%) | 67 (53.2) | 35 (48.6) | 32 (59.3) | .315 |
| ECOG-PS ≥2, n (%) | 61 (48.4) | 28 (38.9) | 33 (61.1) | .022 |
| Heavy chain, n (%) | ||||
| G | 71 (56.3) | 46 (63.9) | 25 (46.3) | .069 |
| A | 30 (23.8) | 16 (22.2) | 14 (25.9) | .676 |
| Light chain only | 20 (15.9) | 9 (12.5) | 11 (20.4) | .325 |
| Others | 5 (4.0) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (7.5) | .163 |
| Involved Ig (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 4356 (2680-5985) | 4084 (2577-5722) | 4922 (2850-6148) | .562 |
| Light chain, n (%) | ||||
| κ | 80 (63.5) | 44 (61.1) | 36 (66.7) | .578 |
| λ | 44 (34.9) | 28 (38.9) | 16 (29.6) | .346 |
| Involved FLC, (mg/L), median (IQR) | 540 (147-2670) | 430 (108-1812) | 949 (252-4112) | .029 |
| BMPC, % (IQR) | 70 (10-90) | 55 (35-70) | 80 (50-90) | <.001 |
| ISS, n (%) | ||||
| I | 19 (15.1) | 13 (18.1) | 6 (11.1) | .324 |
| II | 47 (37.3) | 31 (43.1) | 16 (29.6) | .14 |
| III | 60 (47.6) | 28 (38.9) | 32 (59.3) | .037 |
| R-ISS, n (%) | ||||
| I | 13 (10.3) | 11 (15.3) | 2 (3.7) | .04 |
| II | 91 (72.2) | 51 (70.8) | 40 (74.1) | .841 |
| III | 22 (17.5) | 10 (13.9) | 12 (22.2) | .326 |
| High risk cytogenetics, n (%) | 24 (19.0) | 9 (12.5) | 15 (27.8) | .053 |
| t(4;14) | 17 (13.5) | 5 (6.9) | 12 (22.2) | .026 |
| t(14;16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| del17p | 7 (5.6) | 4 (5.6) | 3 (5.6) | 1 |
| Laboratory parameters, median (IQR) | ||||
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.2 (2.7-3.7) | 3.3 (2.8-3.7) | 3.0 (2.7-3.6) | .562 |
| β2MG (mg/dL) | 5.5 (3.0-8.2) | 4.5 (2.8-7.0) | 6 (3.7-12.5) | .019 |
| Corrected Ca (mg/dL) | 9.8 (9.2-10.5) | 9.8 (9.3-10.5) | 10 (9.2-10.5) | .826 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)∗ | 51.5 (30.7-65.4) | 50.9 (33.9-63.6) | 52.4 (28.6-67.5) | .861 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 9.5 (8.3-11) | 10 (8.7-11.5) | 8.9 (8-10.1) | .003 |
| LDH (U/L) | 184 (149-227) | 184 (151-209) | 183 (146-237) | .648 |
| Induction regimen, n (%) | ||||
| PI only | 17 (13.5) | 11 (15.3) | 6 (11.1) | .679 |
| IMiDs only | 5 (4.0) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (1.9) | .553 |
| PI + IMiDs | 81 (64.3) | 44 (61.1) | 37 (68.5) | .502 |
| Anti-CD38 antibody–based therapy | 23 (18.3) | 13 (18.1) | 10 (18.5) | 1 |
| . | Total (n = 126 [100%]) . | Patients with low CTCs (n = 72 [57.1%]) . | Patients with high CTCs (n = 54 [42.9%]) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 78 (73-83) | 78 (71-83) | 80 (75-83) | .32 |
| Age ≥80 y, n (%) | 58 (46.0) | 31 (43.1) | 27 (51.9) | .34 |
| Female, n (%) | 67 (53.2) | 35 (48.6) | 32 (59.3) | .315 |
| ECOG-PS ≥2, n (%) | 61 (48.4) | 28 (38.9) | 33 (61.1) | .022 |
| Heavy chain, n (%) | ||||
| G | 71 (56.3) | 46 (63.9) | 25 (46.3) | .069 |
| A | 30 (23.8) | 16 (22.2) | 14 (25.9) | .676 |
| Light chain only | 20 (15.9) | 9 (12.5) | 11 (20.4) | .325 |
| Others | 5 (4.0) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (7.5) | .163 |
| Involved Ig (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 4356 (2680-5985) | 4084 (2577-5722) | 4922 (2850-6148) | .562 |
| Light chain, n (%) | ||||
| κ | 80 (63.5) | 44 (61.1) | 36 (66.7) | .578 |
| λ | 44 (34.9) | 28 (38.9) | 16 (29.6) | .346 |
| Involved FLC, (mg/L), median (IQR) | 540 (147-2670) | 430 (108-1812) | 949 (252-4112) | .029 |
| BMPC, % (IQR) | 70 (10-90) | 55 (35-70) | 80 (50-90) | <.001 |
| ISS, n (%) | ||||
| I | 19 (15.1) | 13 (18.1) | 6 (11.1) | .324 |
| II | 47 (37.3) | 31 (43.1) | 16 (29.6) | .14 |
| III | 60 (47.6) | 28 (38.9) | 32 (59.3) | .037 |
| R-ISS, n (%) | ||||
| I | 13 (10.3) | 11 (15.3) | 2 (3.7) | .04 |
| II | 91 (72.2) | 51 (70.8) | 40 (74.1) | .841 |
| III | 22 (17.5) | 10 (13.9) | 12 (22.2) | .326 |
| High risk cytogenetics, n (%) | 24 (19.0) | 9 (12.5) | 15 (27.8) | .053 |
| t(4;14) | 17 (13.5) | 5 (6.9) | 12 (22.2) | .026 |
| t(14;16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| del17p | 7 (5.6) | 4 (5.6) | 3 (5.6) | 1 |
| Laboratory parameters, median (IQR) | ||||
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.2 (2.7-3.7) | 3.3 (2.8-3.7) | 3.0 (2.7-3.6) | .562 |
| β2MG (mg/dL) | 5.5 (3.0-8.2) | 4.5 (2.8-7.0) | 6 (3.7-12.5) | .019 |
| Corrected Ca (mg/dL) | 9.8 (9.2-10.5) | 9.8 (9.3-10.5) | 10 (9.2-10.5) | .826 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)∗ | 51.5 (30.7-65.4) | 50.9 (33.9-63.6) | 52.4 (28.6-67.5) | .861 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 9.5 (8.3-11) | 10 (8.7-11.5) | 8.9 (8-10.1) | .003 |
| LDH (U/L) | 184 (149-227) | 184 (151-209) | 183 (146-237) | .648 |
| Induction regimen, n (%) | ||||
| PI only | 17 (13.5) | 11 (15.3) | 6 (11.1) | .679 |
| IMiDs only | 5 (4.0) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (1.9) | .553 |
| PI + IMiDs | 81 (64.3) | 44 (61.1) | 37 (68.5) | .502 |
| Anti-CD38 antibody–based therapy | 23 (18.3) | 13 (18.1) | 10 (18.5) | 1 |
Alb, albumin; β2MG, beta-2 microglobulin; Ca, calcium; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; IMiDs, immunomodulatory drugs; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PI, proteasome inhibitor.
eGFR was calculated using the Japanese equation.