Changes in abundance of specific bacterial taxa are associated with changes in outcomes of HSCT and cellular therapies
| Bacterial taxa . | Study findings . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Associations with positive outcomes | ||
| Blautia | Decreased need for aGVHD systemic therapy, decreased GHVD-related and relapse-related mortality, and improved OS | 92 |
| Lachnospiraceae | Reduced incidence of lethal GVHD | 93 |
| Lachnospiraceae, Actinomycetaceae | Greater abundance in patients who survived after HSCT | 93 |
| Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia | Increased neutrophil engraftment | 94 |
| Ruminococcus, Staphylococcus | Increased lymphocyte engraftment | 95 |
| Clostridium spp | Loss of Clostridium is associated with worse survival and increased GVHD rates | 95 |
| Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospiraceae | Higher abundance in higher diversity group noted to have improved OS and lower incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD | 96 |
| Eubacerium limosum | Higher abundance correlated with decreased risk of relapse/disease progression | 97 |
| Bifidobacterium | Improved antitumor effect of CTLA-4 inhibitor in mice | 98 |
| Firmicutes | Improved antitumor effect of CTLA-4 inhibitor in humans | 99 |
| Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae | Prevalent in patients who achieved complete remission after CAR T-cell therapy | 100 |
| Bacteria from Clostridia class, including the genera Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium, the family Ruminococcaceae, and the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii | Higher abundance correlated with day 100 complete response and lack of toxicity after CD-19 CAR T-cell | 101 |
| Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Akkemansia | Correlated with CD-19 CAR T-cell response in patients not exposed to high-risk antibiotic therapy | 102 |
| Associations with negative outcomes | ||
| Veillonella | Increased GVHD–related mortality | 92 |
| Gammaproteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) | Greater abundance in patients who died after HSCT | 93 |
| Rothia, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 | Reduced neutrophil engraftment | 94 |
| Enterococcus (including E faecalis and E faecium) | Domination in the early post-SCT period is associated with decreased OS and increased GVHD–related mortality in humans and mice | 95 |
| Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae | Higher abundance in lower diversity group noted to have worse OS and higher incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD | 96 |
| Peptostreptococcaceae and Clostridiales | Prevalent in nonresponders after CAR T-cell therapy | 100 |
| Veillonellaceae | Decreased d 100 complete response after CD-19 CAR T-cell therapy | 101 |
| Staphylococcus | Decreased CD4 T-cell recovery | 103 |
| Bacterial taxa . | Study findings . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Associations with positive outcomes | ||
| Blautia | Decreased need for aGVHD systemic therapy, decreased GHVD-related and relapse-related mortality, and improved OS | 92 |
| Lachnospiraceae | Reduced incidence of lethal GVHD | 93 |
| Lachnospiraceae, Actinomycetaceae | Greater abundance in patients who survived after HSCT | 93 |
| Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia | Increased neutrophil engraftment | 94 |
| Ruminococcus, Staphylococcus | Increased lymphocyte engraftment | 95 |
| Clostridium spp | Loss of Clostridium is associated with worse survival and increased GVHD rates | 95 |
| Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospiraceae | Higher abundance in higher diversity group noted to have improved OS and lower incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD | 96 |
| Eubacerium limosum | Higher abundance correlated with decreased risk of relapse/disease progression | 97 |
| Bifidobacterium | Improved antitumor effect of CTLA-4 inhibitor in mice | 98 |
| Firmicutes | Improved antitumor effect of CTLA-4 inhibitor in humans | 99 |
| Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae | Prevalent in patients who achieved complete remission after CAR T-cell therapy | 100 |
| Bacteria from Clostridia class, including the genera Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium, the family Ruminococcaceae, and the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii | Higher abundance correlated with day 100 complete response and lack of toxicity after CD-19 CAR T-cell | 101 |
| Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Akkemansia | Correlated with CD-19 CAR T-cell response in patients not exposed to high-risk antibiotic therapy | 102 |
| Associations with negative outcomes | ||
| Veillonella | Increased GVHD–related mortality | 92 |
| Gammaproteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) | Greater abundance in patients who died after HSCT | 93 |
| Rothia, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 | Reduced neutrophil engraftment | 94 |
| Enterococcus (including E faecalis and E faecium) | Domination in the early post-SCT period is associated with decreased OS and increased GVHD–related mortality in humans and mice | 95 |
| Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae | Higher abundance in lower diversity group noted to have worse OS and higher incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD | 96 |
| Peptostreptococcaceae and Clostridiales | Prevalent in nonresponders after CAR T-cell therapy | 100 |
| Veillonellaceae | Decreased d 100 complete response after CD-19 CAR T-cell therapy | 101 |
| Staphylococcus | Decreased CD4 T-cell recovery | 103 |
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associate protein 4.