Demographics of patients with AL amyloidosis with and without CHIP
| Demographics . | Total (n = 76) . | With CHIP (n = 16) . | Without CHIP (n = 60) . | P value (CHIP vs no CHIP) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ±SD) | 63 ± 9.9 | 66 ± 10.1 | 63 ± 9.8 | .28∗ |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 44 (57.9%) | 7 (43.7%) | 37 (61.7%) | .26† |
| Female | 32 (42.1%) | 9 (56.3%) | 23 (38.3) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 65 (85%) | 15 (94%) | 50 (84%) | .83† |
| Black | 6 (8%) | 1 (6%) | 5 (8%) | |
| Asian | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| Middle Eastern | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| Other | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Smoker | 43 (58%) | 7 (44%) | 24 (41%) | .54† |
| Nonsmoker | 31 (42%) | 9 (56%) | 34 (59%) | |
| Other neoplasm | ||||
| Yes | 13 (17%) | 3 (19%) | 10 (17%) | .55† |
| MM | 9 (12%) | 3 (19%) | 6 (10%) | |
| SMM | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| WM | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| CML | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| No | 63 (83%) | 13 (81%) | 50 (83%) | |
| Type of FLC | ||||
| Lambda | 63 (82.9%) | 12 (75%) | 51 (85%) | .45† |
| Kappa | 13 (17.1%) | 4 (25%) | 9 (15%) | |
| Treatment status at CHIP evaluation | ||||
| Newly diagnosed | 51 (67%) | 11 (69%) | 40 (67%) | 1† |
| Rel/Ref | 25 (33%) | 5 (31%) | 20 (33%) | |
| Median time in months from diagnosis | 1 (0-159) | 1 (0-41) | 1 (0-159) | .73‡ |
| Median no. of lines of therapy (range) | 1 (1-3) | 1 (1-3) | 1.5 (1-2) | .64‡ |
| Mayo stage | ||||
| I | 21 (28%) | 2 (12.5%) | 19 (32%) | .44‡ |
| II | 18 (24%) | 5 (31%) | 13 (22%) | |
| IIIA | 21 (28%) | 7 (44%) | 14 (24%) | |
| IIIB | 15 (20%) | 2 (12.5%) | 13 (22%) | |
| Mayo stage IIIA-IIIB | 36 (48%) | 9 (56%) | 27 (46%) | .58 |
| Palladini kidney stage (if kidney involvement) | .001‡ | |||
| I | 9 (28%) | 5 (100%) | 4 (15%) | |
| II | 14 (44%) | 0 | 14 (52%) | |
| III | 9 (28%) | 0 | 9 (33%) | |
| No. of organs involved (median, range) | 3 (1-7) | 3 (1-5) | 3 (1-7) | .43‡ |
| Sites | ||||
| Heart | 60 (79%) | 15 (94%) | 45 (75%) | N.S. |
| Renal | 32 (42%) | 5 (31%) | 27 (45%) | |
| ANS | 23 (30%) | 8 (50%) | 15 (25%) | |
| PNS | 19 (25%) | 3 (19%) | 16 (27%) | |
| GI | 36 (47%) | 8 (50%) | 28 (47%) | |
| Soft tissue/skin | 32 (42%) | 7 (44%) | 25 (42%) | |
| Liver | 3 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (3%) | N.As. |
| Lungs/pleura | 4 (5%) | 0 | 4 (7%) | |
| Lymph node | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| LVEF (mean ± SD) | 53 ± 9.5 | 55 ± 6.4 | 53 ± 10.2 | .28∗ |
| ≤40% | 9.5% | 0 | 12% | .34† |
| ≤50% | 28% | 13% | 33% | .13† |
| CAD | ||||
| Yes | 6 (8%) | 2 (12%) | 4 (7%) | .6† |
| No | 70 (92%) | 14 (88%) | 56 (93%) | |
| Del 17p | ||||
| Yes | 36 (13%) | 0 (13%) | 1 (13%) | 1† |
| No | 18 (58%) | 13 (69%) | 40 (55%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| t(4;14) | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 1† |
| No | 53 (70%) | 13 (81%) | 40 (67%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| Monosomy 13 | ||||
| Yes | 5 (7%) | 0 | 5 (8%) | .32† |
| No | 49 (64%) | 13 (81%) | 36 (60%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| Gain 1q | ||||
| Yes | 6 (8%) | 2 (12%) | 4 (7%) | |
| No | 48 (63%) | 11 (69%) | 37 (61%) | .62† |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| ≥2 trisomies | ||||
| Yes | 3 (4%) | 0 | 3 (5%) | 1† |
| No | 51 (67%) | 13 (81%) | 38 (63%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| t(11;14) | ||||
| Yes | 26 (34%) | 11 (69%) | 15 (25%) | .004† |
| No | 28 (37%) | 2 (12%) | 26 (43%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| BM PC percentage (median, IQR) | 15% (7%-20%) | 17% (10%-22%) | 15% (7%-20%) | .08‡ |
| First-line treatment | ||||
| CyBorD | 35 (46%) | 5 (31%) | 30 (50%) | .33† |
| Dara-CyBorD | 28 (37%) | 8 (50%) | 20 (33%) | |
| Other§ | 12 (16%) | 3 (19%) | 9 (15%) | |
| None | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| ASCT | ||||
| Yes | 10 (13%) | 2 (12.5%) | 8 (13%) | 1† |
| No | 66 (87%) | 14 (87.5%) | 52 (87%) |
| Demographics . | Total (n = 76) . | With CHIP (n = 16) . | Without CHIP (n = 60) . | P value (CHIP vs no CHIP) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ±SD) | 63 ± 9.9 | 66 ± 10.1 | 63 ± 9.8 | .28∗ |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 44 (57.9%) | 7 (43.7%) | 37 (61.7%) | .26† |
| Female | 32 (42.1%) | 9 (56.3%) | 23 (38.3) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 65 (85%) | 15 (94%) | 50 (84%) | .83† |
| Black | 6 (8%) | 1 (6%) | 5 (8%) | |
| Asian | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| Middle Eastern | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| Other | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Smoker | 43 (58%) | 7 (44%) | 24 (41%) | .54† |
| Nonsmoker | 31 (42%) | 9 (56%) | 34 (59%) | |
| Other neoplasm | ||||
| Yes | 13 (17%) | 3 (19%) | 10 (17%) | .55† |
| MM | 9 (12%) | 3 (19%) | 6 (10%) | |
| SMM | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| WM | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| CML | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| No | 63 (83%) | 13 (81%) | 50 (83%) | |
| Type of FLC | ||||
| Lambda | 63 (82.9%) | 12 (75%) | 51 (85%) | .45† |
| Kappa | 13 (17.1%) | 4 (25%) | 9 (15%) | |
| Treatment status at CHIP evaluation | ||||
| Newly diagnosed | 51 (67%) | 11 (69%) | 40 (67%) | 1† |
| Rel/Ref | 25 (33%) | 5 (31%) | 20 (33%) | |
| Median time in months from diagnosis | 1 (0-159) | 1 (0-41) | 1 (0-159) | .73‡ |
| Median no. of lines of therapy (range) | 1 (1-3) | 1 (1-3) | 1.5 (1-2) | .64‡ |
| Mayo stage | ||||
| I | 21 (28%) | 2 (12.5%) | 19 (32%) | .44‡ |
| II | 18 (24%) | 5 (31%) | 13 (22%) | |
| IIIA | 21 (28%) | 7 (44%) | 14 (24%) | |
| IIIB | 15 (20%) | 2 (12.5%) | 13 (22%) | |
| Mayo stage IIIA-IIIB | 36 (48%) | 9 (56%) | 27 (46%) | .58 |
| Palladini kidney stage (if kidney involvement) | .001‡ | |||
| I | 9 (28%) | 5 (100%) | 4 (15%) | |
| II | 14 (44%) | 0 | 14 (52%) | |
| III | 9 (28%) | 0 | 9 (33%) | |
| No. of organs involved (median, range) | 3 (1-7) | 3 (1-5) | 3 (1-7) | .43‡ |
| Sites | ||||
| Heart | 60 (79%) | 15 (94%) | 45 (75%) | N.S. |
| Renal | 32 (42%) | 5 (31%) | 27 (45%) | |
| ANS | 23 (30%) | 8 (50%) | 15 (25%) | |
| PNS | 19 (25%) | 3 (19%) | 16 (27%) | |
| GI | 36 (47%) | 8 (50%) | 28 (47%) | |
| Soft tissue/skin | 32 (42%) | 7 (44%) | 25 (42%) | |
| Liver | 3 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (3%) | N.As. |
| Lungs/pleura | 4 (5%) | 0 | 4 (7%) | |
| Lymph node | 2 (3%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | |
| LVEF (mean ± SD) | 53 ± 9.5 | 55 ± 6.4 | 53 ± 10.2 | .28∗ |
| ≤40% | 9.5% | 0 | 12% | .34† |
| ≤50% | 28% | 13% | 33% | .13† |
| CAD | ||||
| Yes | 6 (8%) | 2 (12%) | 4 (7%) | .6† |
| No | 70 (92%) | 14 (88%) | 56 (93%) | |
| Del 17p | ||||
| Yes | 36 (13%) | 0 (13%) | 1 (13%) | 1† |
| No | 18 (58%) | 13 (69%) | 40 (55%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| t(4;14) | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 1† |
| No | 53 (70%) | 13 (81%) | 40 (67%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| Monosomy 13 | ||||
| Yes | 5 (7%) | 0 | 5 (8%) | .32† |
| No | 49 (64%) | 13 (81%) | 36 (60%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| Gain 1q | ||||
| Yes | 6 (8%) | 2 (12%) | 4 (7%) | |
| No | 48 (63%) | 11 (69%) | 37 (61%) | .62† |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| ≥2 trisomies | ||||
| Yes | 3 (4%) | 0 | 3 (5%) | 1† |
| No | 51 (67%) | 13 (81%) | 38 (63%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| t(11;14) | ||||
| Yes | 26 (34%) | 11 (69%) | 15 (25%) | .004† |
| No | 28 (37%) | 2 (12%) | 26 (43%) | |
| N.A. | 22 (29%) | 3 (19%) | 19 (32%) | |
| BM PC percentage (median, IQR) | 15% (7%-20%) | 17% (10%-22%) | 15% (7%-20%) | .08‡ |
| First-line treatment | ||||
| CyBorD | 35 (46%) | 5 (31%) | 30 (50%) | .33† |
| Dara-CyBorD | 28 (37%) | 8 (50%) | 20 (33%) | |
| Other§ | 12 (16%) | 3 (19%) | 9 (15%) | |
| None | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| ASCT | ||||
| Yes | 10 (13%) | 2 (12.5%) | 8 (13%) | 1† |
| No | 66 (87%) | 14 (87.5%) | 52 (87%) |
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
ANS, autonomic nervous system; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; GI, gastrointestinal tract; N.A., not available; N.As., statistical significance not assessed; N.S., non-statistically significant; PNS, peripheral nervous system; rel/ref, relapsed/refractory; SMM, smoldering MM; WM, Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
Using 2-sample independent t test.
Using Fisher's exact test.
Using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Other regimens were bortezomib-dexamethasone, lenalidomide-bortezomib-dexamethasone, daratumumab-bortezomib-dexamethasone, and melphalan-dexamethasone.