Effect of frailty status on health care utilization and costs
| Predictors of health care utilization . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR of ED visits . | |||||||
| Unadjusted model . | Adjusted model∗ . | ||||||
| Phase . | Predictor . | RR . | 95% CI . | P value . | RR . | 95% CI . | P value . |
| 1 | Frailty | 1.91 | 1.80-2.03 | <.0001 | 1.50 | 1.40-1.62 | <.0001 |
| 2 | Frailty | 1.41 | 1.30-1.53 | <.0001 | 1.11 | 1.01-1.22 | .03 |
| 3 | Frailty | 1.62 | 1.44-1.82 | <.0001 | 1.27 | 1.10-1.46 | .0009 |
| 4 | Frailty | 1.86 | 1.72-2.01 | <.0001 | 1.29 | 1.18-1.42 | <.0001 |
| 5 | Frailty | 1.12 | 1.05-1.19 | .0004 | 1.01 | 0.94-1.09 | .74 |
| Predictors of health care utilization . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR of ED visits . | |||||||
| Unadjusted model . | Adjusted model∗ . | ||||||
| Phase . | Predictor . | RR . | 95% CI . | P value . | RR . | 95% CI . | P value . |
| 1 | Frailty | 1.91 | 1.80-2.03 | <.0001 | 1.50 | 1.40-1.62 | <.0001 |
| 2 | Frailty | 1.41 | 1.30-1.53 | <.0001 | 1.11 | 1.01-1.22 | .03 |
| 3 | Frailty | 1.62 | 1.44-1.82 | <.0001 | 1.27 | 1.10-1.46 | .0009 |
| 4 | Frailty | 1.86 | 1.72-2.01 | <.0001 | 1.29 | 1.18-1.42 | <.0001 |
| 5 | Frailty | 1.12 | 1.05-1.19 | .0004 | 1.01 | 0.94-1.09 | .74 |
| RR of hospitalizations . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model . | Adjusted model∗ . | ||||||
| 1 | Frailty | 2.16 | 2.03-2.31 | <.0001 | 1.84 | 1.70-1.99 | <.0001 |
| 2 | Frailty | 1.35 | 1.24-1.47 | <.0001 | 1.19 | 1.07-1.32 | .0009 |
| 3 | Frailty | 1.61 | 1.40-1.84 | <.0001 | 1.43 | 1.21-1.69 | <.0001 |
| 4 | Frailty | 1.68 | 1.52-1.85 | <.0001 | 1.30 | 1.16-1.46 | <.0001 |
| 5 | Frailty | 1.10 | 1.03-1.17 | .0027 | 1.03 | 0.96-1.11 | .39 |
| RR of hospitalizations . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model . | Adjusted model∗ . | ||||||
| 1 | Frailty | 2.16 | 2.03-2.31 | <.0001 | 1.84 | 1.70-1.99 | <.0001 |
| 2 | Frailty | 1.35 | 1.24-1.47 | <.0001 | 1.19 | 1.07-1.32 | .0009 |
| 3 | Frailty | 1.61 | 1.40-1.84 | <.0001 | 1.43 | 1.21-1.69 | <.0001 |
| 4 | Frailty | 1.68 | 1.52-1.85 | <.0001 | 1.30 | 1.16-1.46 | <.0001 |
| 5 | Frailty | 1.10 | 1.03-1.17 | .0027 | 1.03 | 0.96-1.11 | .39 |
| Increase in median total cost per 30-d period . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted model∗ . | ||||
| Phase . | Predictor . | Increase in median cost (CAD) . | 95% CI . | P value . |
| 1 | Frailty | 1866 | 1603-2088 | <.0001 |
| 2 | Frailty | 983 | 671-1296 | <.0001 |
| 3 | Frailty | 683 | 340-1027 | <.0001 |
| 4 | Frailty | 271 | 182-360 | <.0001 |
| 5 | Frailty | 1036 | –40 to 2111 | .06 |
| Increase in median total cost per 30-d period . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted model∗ . | ||||
| Phase . | Predictor . | Increase in median cost (CAD) . | 95% CI . | P value . |
| 1 | Frailty | 1866 | 1603-2088 | <.0001 |
| 2 | Frailty | 983 | 671-1296 | <.0001 |
| 3 | Frailty | 683 | 340-1027 | <.0001 |
| 4 | Frailty | 271 | 182-360 | <.0001 |
| 5 | Frailty | 1036 | –40 to 2111 | .06 |
CAD, Canadian dollars; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative rate.
Adjusted for covariates including age, era of diagnosis, income quintile, educational quintile, rural vs urban status, comorbidity burden, status at time of diagnosis (inpatient vs outpatient). See supplemental Table 5 for full multivariable model including all predictors.