Table 2.

Group (model) estimates in each domain for participants with HA and controls

Variable of interestEstimateStandard errorLowerUpperT valueP value
WISC-IV       
General Abilities Index 0.271 0.176 −0.616 0.073 −1.543 .133 
Verbal Comprehension Index 0.230 0.178 −0.578 0.118 −1.294 .205 
Vocabulary 0.305 0.174 −0.646 0.036 −1.756 .089 
Similarities 0.114 0.181 −0.469 0.242 −0.627 .535 
Perceptual Reasoning Index 0.209 0.179 −0.558 0.141 −1.168 .252 
Block design 0.149 0.181 −0.502 0.205 −0.823 .417 
Matrix reasoning 0.196 0.179 −0.547 0.155 −1.095 .282 
Processing Speed Index 0.083 0.182 −0.274 0.439 0.455 .652 
Coding 0.045 0.182 −0.403 0.312 −0.249 .805 
Symbol search 0.172 0.180 −0.181 0.524 0.955 .347 
Cancellation 0.143 0.181 −0.498 0.211 −0.794 .434 
WRAT4       
Reading 0.145 0.181 −0.499 0.209 −0.805 .427 
Arithmetic 0.088 0.182 −0.445 0.268 −0.486 .631 
D-KEFS       
Verbal fluency       
Letter fluency 0.017 0.200 −0.409 0.375 −0.084 .934 
Category fluency 0.202 0.196 −0.586 0.182 −1.030 .313 
Category switching 0.538 0.169 −0.868 0.207 −3.190 .004 
Total switching accuracy 0.549 0.167 −0.876 0.221 −3.282 .003 
Color word interference       
Color patch naming 0.101 0.199 −0.491 0.289 −0.505 .618 
Word naming 0.075 0.199 −0.466 0.316 −0.375 .711 
Inhibition 0.216 0.195 −0.599 0.167 −1.107 .279 
BRIEF       
Global executive composite 0.331 0.172 −0.006 0.669 1.924 .064 
BRI 0.531 0.155 0.228 0.835 3.436 .002 
Shift 0.329 0.172 −0.009 0.667 1.909 .070 
Emotional control 0.453 0.163 0.133 0.772 2.780 .009 
Inhibit 0.583 0.148 0.292 0.874 3.928 <.001 
Metacognition 0.147 0.181 −2.070 0.501 0.813 .422 
Variable of interestEstimateStandard errorLowerUpperT valueP value
WISC-IV       
General Abilities Index 0.271 0.176 −0.616 0.073 −1.543 .133 
Verbal Comprehension Index 0.230 0.178 −0.578 0.118 −1.294 .205 
Vocabulary 0.305 0.174 −0.646 0.036 −1.756 .089 
Similarities 0.114 0.181 −0.469 0.242 −0.627 .535 
Perceptual Reasoning Index 0.209 0.179 −0.558 0.141 −1.168 .252 
Block design 0.149 0.181 −0.502 0.205 −0.823 .417 
Matrix reasoning 0.196 0.179 −0.547 0.155 −1.095 .282 
Processing Speed Index 0.083 0.182 −0.274 0.439 0.455 .652 
Coding 0.045 0.182 −0.403 0.312 −0.249 .805 
Symbol search 0.172 0.180 −0.181 0.524 0.955 .347 
Cancellation 0.143 0.181 −0.498 0.211 −0.794 .434 
WRAT4       
Reading 0.145 0.181 −0.499 0.209 −0.805 .427 
Arithmetic 0.088 0.182 −0.445 0.268 −0.486 .631 
D-KEFS       
Verbal fluency       
Letter fluency 0.017 0.200 −0.409 0.375 −0.084 .934 
Category fluency 0.202 0.196 −0.586 0.182 −1.030 .313 
Category switching 0.538 0.169 −0.868 0.207 −3.190 .004 
Total switching accuracy 0.549 0.167 −0.876 0.221 −3.282 .003 
Color word interference       
Color patch naming 0.101 0.199 −0.491 0.289 −0.505 .618 
Word naming 0.075 0.199 −0.466 0.316 −0.375 .711 
Inhibition 0.216 0.195 −0.599 0.167 −1.107 .279 
BRIEF       
Global executive composite 0.331 0.172 −0.006 0.669 1.924 .064 
BRI 0.531 0.155 0.228 0.835 3.436 .002 
Shift 0.329 0.172 −0.009 0.667 1.909 .070 
Emotional control 0.453 0.163 0.133 0.772 2.780 .009 
Inhibit 0.583 0.148 0.292 0.874 3.928 <.001 
Metacognition 0.147 0.181 −2.070 0.501 0.813 .422 

Analysis based on 9 participants with HA and 23 controls. “Estimate” refers to the model estimate, and 95% CI indicates the 95% confidence limits of the model estimate. Bold values represent significance at P <.05.

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