Baseline characteristics, baseline PE risk, and PE outcomes in the Black population compared with the mostly White population
| Factor . | Level . | Black (n = 115) . | Other races (n = 251) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean | 60.5 (15.6) | 62.0 (16.1) | .42 | |
| Gender | Women | 60 (52.2%) | 117 (46.6%) | .32 |
| Racial group | Black | 115 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <.001 |
| White | 0 (0.0%) | 234 (93.2%) | <.001 | |
| Hispanic | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (3.6%) | .04 | |
| Asian | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | .34 | |
| Native American | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 | |
| Other | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | .1 | |
| History of heart failure | 23 (22.5%) | 27 (12.3%) | .018 | |
| History of chronic lung disease | 23 (22.8%) | 41 (18.7%) | .4 | |
| History of cancer | 19 (18.6%) | 75 (33.8%) | .005 | |
| Smoking | 21 (22.8%) | 23 (11.6%) | .013 | |
| PE and treatment characteristics | ||||
| European Society of Cardiology Risk | Low | 10 (8.7%) | 29 (11.6%) | .45 |
| Intermediate-low | 19 (16.5%) | 51 (20.3%) | ||
| Intermediate-high | 56 (48.7%) | 97 (38.6%) | ||
| High | 15 (13.0%) | 41 (16.3%) | ||
| Unknown | 15 (13.0%) | 33 (13.1%) | ||
| Presence of right ventricular strain by CT or echocardiography | 82 (82.0%) | 177 (81.6%) | .99 | |
| Unknown | 15 (13.0%) | 33 (13.1%) | ||
| Systemic thrombolysis | 6 (6.6%) | 16 (8.0%) | .67 | |
| Catheter directed therapy | 47 (51.1%) | 109 (51.7%) | .93 | |
| PE outcomes | ||||
| Length of hospital stay, median | 13.8 (12.1) | 14.3 (15.7) | .78 | |
| 90-day major bleeding | 8 (9.2%) | 8 (4.3%) | .11 | |
| 30-day PE-related mortality | 9 (8.3%) | 10 (4.3%) | .15 | |
| Unknown | 5 (4.3%) | 7 (2.8%) | ||
| 30-day all-cause mortality | 11 (10.0%) | 18 (7.9%) | .51 | |
| Low-risk | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | ||
| Intermediate-low | 3 (15.8%) | 5 (10.7) | ||
| Intermediate-high | 5 (9.0) | 4 (4.2%) | ||
| High | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (15.3%) | ||
| Unknown | 3 (27.2%) | 2 (9.5%) |
| Factor . | Level . | Black (n = 115) . | Other races (n = 251) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean | 60.5 (15.6) | 62.0 (16.1) | .42 | |
| Gender | Women | 60 (52.2%) | 117 (46.6%) | .32 |
| Racial group | Black | 115 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <.001 |
| White | 0 (0.0%) | 234 (93.2%) | <.001 | |
| Hispanic | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (3.6%) | .04 | |
| Asian | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | .34 | |
| Native American | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 | |
| Other | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | .1 | |
| History of heart failure | 23 (22.5%) | 27 (12.3%) | .018 | |
| History of chronic lung disease | 23 (22.8%) | 41 (18.7%) | .4 | |
| History of cancer | 19 (18.6%) | 75 (33.8%) | .005 | |
| Smoking | 21 (22.8%) | 23 (11.6%) | .013 | |
| PE and treatment characteristics | ||||
| European Society of Cardiology Risk | Low | 10 (8.7%) | 29 (11.6%) | .45 |
| Intermediate-low | 19 (16.5%) | 51 (20.3%) | ||
| Intermediate-high | 56 (48.7%) | 97 (38.6%) | ||
| High | 15 (13.0%) | 41 (16.3%) | ||
| Unknown | 15 (13.0%) | 33 (13.1%) | ||
| Presence of right ventricular strain by CT or echocardiography | 82 (82.0%) | 177 (81.6%) | .99 | |
| Unknown | 15 (13.0%) | 33 (13.1%) | ||
| Systemic thrombolysis | 6 (6.6%) | 16 (8.0%) | .67 | |
| Catheter directed therapy | 47 (51.1%) | 109 (51.7%) | .93 | |
| PE outcomes | ||||
| Length of hospital stay, median | 13.8 (12.1) | 14.3 (15.7) | .78 | |
| 90-day major bleeding | 8 (9.2%) | 8 (4.3%) | .11 | |
| 30-day PE-related mortality | 9 (8.3%) | 10 (4.3%) | .15 | |
| Unknown | 5 (4.3%) | 7 (2.8%) | ||
| 30-day all-cause mortality | 11 (10.0%) | 18 (7.9%) | .51 | |
| Low-risk | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | ||
| Intermediate-low | 3 (15.8%) | 5 (10.7) | ||
| Intermediate-high | 5 (9.0) | 4 (4.2%) | ||
| High | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (15.3%) | ||
| Unknown | 3 (27.2%) | 2 (9.5%) |
P values were calculated using Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test when expected counts were <5 for categorical variables and paired t test for continuous variables. All reported P values are 2-sided, and a value of <.05 was considered significant.
For continuous variables, standard deviation is noted in parentheses. For categorical variables, percentage is noted in parentheses. For reported medians, interquartile range is noted in parentheses. ESC risk classification is based on the 2019 ESC risk of early death in PE classification.
CT, computed tomography.