Summary of demographic, clinical, and imaging features
| . | Pediatric . | Adult . | Total . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VHS = 0 . | VHS = 1 . | VHS = 2 . | Total . | VHS = 0 . | VHS = 1 . | VHS = 2 . | Total . | VHS = 0 . | VHS = 1 . | VHS = 2 . | Total . | |
| Demographic and clinical features | ||||||||||||
| n | 8 | 17 | 48 | 73 | 14 | 39 | 17 | 70 | 22 | 56 | 65 | 143 |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 12.12 (4.51) | 12.82 (3.59) | 10.78 (3.47) | 11.40 (3.67) | 29.37 (6.29) | 25.18 (5.01) | 26.01 (5.67) | 26.22 (5.60) | 23.09 (10.17) | 21.43 (7.34) | 14.76 (7.90) | 18.66 (8.79) |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 4 (50.00) | 6 (35.29) | 21 (43.75) | 31 (42.47) | 7 (50.00) | 21 (53.85) | 8 (47.06) | 36 (51.43) | 11 (50.0) | 27 (48.2) | 29 (44.6) | 67 (46.9) |
| Total Hb, g/dL, mean (SD) | 9.92 (0.96) | 9.58 (1.23) | 8.51 (1.20) | 8.91 (1.30) | 9.42 (1.24) | 9.07 (1.27) | 8.38 (1.31) | 8.97 (1.30) | 9.60 (1.15) | 9.22 (1.27) | 8.48 (1.22) | 8.94 (1.30) |
| HbS fraction, %, mean (SD)∗ | 66.81 (14.95) | 64.11 (16.64) | 66.88 (20.38) | 66.28 (18.90) | 70.77 (22.79) | 70.67 (14.32) | 53.24 (26.04) | 66.39 (20.40) | 69.11 (19.48) | 68.81 (15.14) | 63.42 (22.54) | 66.33 (19.56) |
| Previous SCI, n (%) | 4 (50.00) | 4 (23.53) | 12 (25.00) | 20 (27.40) | 7 (50.00) | 15 (38.46) | 5 (29.41) | 27 (38.57) | 11 (50.0) | 19 (33.9) | 17 (26.2) | 47 (32.9) |
| Previous overt stroke, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (5.88) | 3 (6.25) | 5 (6.85) | 1 (7.14) | 5 (12.82) | 3 (17.65) | 9 (12.86) | 2 (9.1) | 6 (10.7) | 6 (9.2) | 14 (9.8) |
| Treatment | ||||||||||||
| None, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (11.76) | 3 (6.25) | 5 (6.85) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (5.13) | 2 (11.76) | 4 (5.71) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (7.15) | 5 (7.69) | 9 (6.29) |
| Hydroxyurea, n (%) | 6 (75.00) | 10 (58.82) | 35 (72.92) | 51 (69.86) | 12 (85.71) | 31 (79.49) | 8 (47.06) | 51 (72.86) | 18 (81.81) | 41 (73.21) | 43 (66.15) | 102 (71.33) |
| Transfusion, n (%) | 2 (25.00) | 5 (29.41) | 10 (20.83) | 17 (23.29) | 2 (14.29) | 6 (15.38) | 7 (41.18) | 15 (21.14) | 4 (18.18) | 11 (19.64) | 17 (26.15) | 31 (22.38) |
| Hemodynamic features | ||||||||||||
| Arterial oxygenation, %, mean (SD) | 97.88 (2.23) | 96.65 (2.27) | 96.20 (2.86) | 96.49 (2.69) | 95.64 (2.32) | 95.57 (2.35) | 94.89 (3.58) | 95.42 (2.67) | 96.45 (2.49) | 95.90 (2.36) | 95.86 (3.09) | 95.97 (2.72) |
| CaO2, mL O2/100 mL blood, mean (SD) | 13.02 (1.34) | 12.41 (1.65) | 19.98 (1.66) | 11.53 (1.79) | 12.08 (1.65) | 11.62 (1.73) | 10.67 (1.79) | 11.48 (1.78) | 12.42 (1.58) | 11.86 (1.73) | 10.90 (1.69) | 11.51 (1.78) |
| Gray matter CBF mean, mL blood/100 g tissue per minute, mean (SD) | 70.11 (22.93) | 73.03 (17.80) | 78.25 (16.48) | 76.14 (17.55) | 83.19 (17.93) | 89.84 (17.65) | 90.61 (17.55) | 88.70 (17.64) | 78.43 (20.39) | 84.74 (19.19) | 81.48 (17.51) | 82.29 (18.63) |
| Gray matter CBF SD, mL blood/100 g tissue per minute, mean (SD) | 24.58 (9.28) | 24.01 (5.79) | 25.14 (4.37) | 24.82 (5.34) | 31.35 (5.60) | 31.79 (5.21) | 31.79 (5.22) | 31.70 (5.22) | 28.89 (7.69) | 29.43 (6.45) | 26.88 (5.43) | 28.19 (6.29) |
| Gray matter CBF sCoV, %, mean (SD) | 34.56 (3.62) | 33.01 (2.78) | 32.54 (3.52) | 32.87 (3.39) | 38.50 (7.13) | 35.91 (5.26) | 35.96 (8.34) | 36.44 (6.48) | 37.07 (6.30) | 35.03 (4.81) | 33.43 (5.37) | 34.62 (5.43) |
| Whole-brain OEF, %, mean (SD) | 37.64 (3.63) | 34.52 (4.83) | 32.82 (5.50) | 33.75 (5.35) | 39.82 (3.78) | 37.17 (5.08) | 35.49 (5.31) | 37.30 (5.05) | 39.03 (3.80) | 36.37 (5.11) | 33.52 (5.54) | 35.48 (5.49) |
| Whole-brain CMRO2, mL O2/100 g tissue per minute, mean (SD) | 3.38 (1.00) | 3.04 (0.58) | 2.76 (0.62) | 2.89 (0.68) | 3.92 (0.71) | 3.80 (0.74) | 3.36 (0.72) | 3.72 (0.75) | 3.77 (0.84) | 3.59 (0.78) | 2.91 (0.69) | 3.31 (0.83) |
| . | Pediatric . | Adult . | Total . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VHS = 0 . | VHS = 1 . | VHS = 2 . | Total . | VHS = 0 . | VHS = 1 . | VHS = 2 . | Total . | VHS = 0 . | VHS = 1 . | VHS = 2 . | Total . | |
| Demographic and clinical features | ||||||||||||
| n | 8 | 17 | 48 | 73 | 14 | 39 | 17 | 70 | 22 | 56 | 65 | 143 |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 12.12 (4.51) | 12.82 (3.59) | 10.78 (3.47) | 11.40 (3.67) | 29.37 (6.29) | 25.18 (5.01) | 26.01 (5.67) | 26.22 (5.60) | 23.09 (10.17) | 21.43 (7.34) | 14.76 (7.90) | 18.66 (8.79) |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 4 (50.00) | 6 (35.29) | 21 (43.75) | 31 (42.47) | 7 (50.00) | 21 (53.85) | 8 (47.06) | 36 (51.43) | 11 (50.0) | 27 (48.2) | 29 (44.6) | 67 (46.9) |
| Total Hb, g/dL, mean (SD) | 9.92 (0.96) | 9.58 (1.23) | 8.51 (1.20) | 8.91 (1.30) | 9.42 (1.24) | 9.07 (1.27) | 8.38 (1.31) | 8.97 (1.30) | 9.60 (1.15) | 9.22 (1.27) | 8.48 (1.22) | 8.94 (1.30) |
| HbS fraction, %, mean (SD)∗ | 66.81 (14.95) | 64.11 (16.64) | 66.88 (20.38) | 66.28 (18.90) | 70.77 (22.79) | 70.67 (14.32) | 53.24 (26.04) | 66.39 (20.40) | 69.11 (19.48) | 68.81 (15.14) | 63.42 (22.54) | 66.33 (19.56) |
| Previous SCI, n (%) | 4 (50.00) | 4 (23.53) | 12 (25.00) | 20 (27.40) | 7 (50.00) | 15 (38.46) | 5 (29.41) | 27 (38.57) | 11 (50.0) | 19 (33.9) | 17 (26.2) | 47 (32.9) |
| Previous overt stroke, n (%) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (5.88) | 3 (6.25) | 5 (6.85) | 1 (7.14) | 5 (12.82) | 3 (17.65) | 9 (12.86) | 2 (9.1) | 6 (10.7) | 6 (9.2) | 14 (9.8) |
| Treatment | ||||||||||||
| None, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (11.76) | 3 (6.25) | 5 (6.85) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (5.13) | 2 (11.76) | 4 (5.71) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (7.15) | 5 (7.69) | 9 (6.29) |
| Hydroxyurea, n (%) | 6 (75.00) | 10 (58.82) | 35 (72.92) | 51 (69.86) | 12 (85.71) | 31 (79.49) | 8 (47.06) | 51 (72.86) | 18 (81.81) | 41 (73.21) | 43 (66.15) | 102 (71.33) |
| Transfusion, n (%) | 2 (25.00) | 5 (29.41) | 10 (20.83) | 17 (23.29) | 2 (14.29) | 6 (15.38) | 7 (41.18) | 15 (21.14) | 4 (18.18) | 11 (19.64) | 17 (26.15) | 31 (22.38) |
| Hemodynamic features | ||||||||||||
| Arterial oxygenation, %, mean (SD) | 97.88 (2.23) | 96.65 (2.27) | 96.20 (2.86) | 96.49 (2.69) | 95.64 (2.32) | 95.57 (2.35) | 94.89 (3.58) | 95.42 (2.67) | 96.45 (2.49) | 95.90 (2.36) | 95.86 (3.09) | 95.97 (2.72) |
| CaO2, mL O2/100 mL blood, mean (SD) | 13.02 (1.34) | 12.41 (1.65) | 19.98 (1.66) | 11.53 (1.79) | 12.08 (1.65) | 11.62 (1.73) | 10.67 (1.79) | 11.48 (1.78) | 12.42 (1.58) | 11.86 (1.73) | 10.90 (1.69) | 11.51 (1.78) |
| Gray matter CBF mean, mL blood/100 g tissue per minute, mean (SD) | 70.11 (22.93) | 73.03 (17.80) | 78.25 (16.48) | 76.14 (17.55) | 83.19 (17.93) | 89.84 (17.65) | 90.61 (17.55) | 88.70 (17.64) | 78.43 (20.39) | 84.74 (19.19) | 81.48 (17.51) | 82.29 (18.63) |
| Gray matter CBF SD, mL blood/100 g tissue per minute, mean (SD) | 24.58 (9.28) | 24.01 (5.79) | 25.14 (4.37) | 24.82 (5.34) | 31.35 (5.60) | 31.79 (5.21) | 31.79 (5.22) | 31.70 (5.22) | 28.89 (7.69) | 29.43 (6.45) | 26.88 (5.43) | 28.19 (6.29) |
| Gray matter CBF sCoV, %, mean (SD) | 34.56 (3.62) | 33.01 (2.78) | 32.54 (3.52) | 32.87 (3.39) | 38.50 (7.13) | 35.91 (5.26) | 35.96 (8.34) | 36.44 (6.48) | 37.07 (6.30) | 35.03 (4.81) | 33.43 (5.37) | 34.62 (5.43) |
| Whole-brain OEF, %, mean (SD) | 37.64 (3.63) | 34.52 (4.83) | 32.82 (5.50) | 33.75 (5.35) | 39.82 (3.78) | 37.17 (5.08) | 35.49 (5.31) | 37.30 (5.05) | 39.03 (3.80) | 36.37 (5.11) | 33.52 (5.54) | 35.48 (5.49) |
| Whole-brain CMRO2, mL O2/100 g tissue per minute, mean (SD) | 3.38 (1.00) | 3.04 (0.58) | 2.76 (0.62) | 2.89 (0.68) | 3.92 (0.71) | 3.80 (0.74) | 3.36 (0.72) | 3.72 (0.75) | 3.77 (0.84) | 3.59 (0.78) | 2.91 (0.69) | 3.31 (0.83) |
Data shown are mean (SD) unless otherwise noted.
SD, standard deviation; VHS, venous hyperintensity score.
Total N = 135; pediatric, n = 70; adult, n = 65.