Baseline characteristics of included patients
| Characteristic . | VTE risk group . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 11 636) . | Low (n = 8329 [72%]) . | Medium (n = 2853 [25%]) . | High (n = 454 [3.9%]) . | |
| Risk instrument factors, n (%) | ||||
| Age ≥75 years | 2035 (17.5) | 0 | 1882 (66.0) | 153 (33.7) |
| BMI ≥35 kg/m2 | 1098 (9.4) | 0 | 971 (34.0) | 127 (28.0) |
| Personal history of VTE | 385 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 385 (84.8) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Active cancer | 5083 (43.7) | 3548 (42.6) | 1278 (44.8) | 257 (56.6) |
| Hypertension | 5401 (46.4) | 3271 (39.3) | 1874 (65.7) | 256 (56.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1212 (10.4) | 650 (7.8) | 474 (16.6) | 88 (19.4) |
| Stroke or TIA | 541 (4.6) | 268 (3.2) | 228 (8.0) | 45 (9.9) |
| Parkinson disease | 292 (2.5) | 149 (1.8) | 105 (3.7) | 38 (8.4) |
| Chronic heart failure | 333 (2.9) | 121 (1.5) | 175 (6.1) | 37 (8.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 350 (3.0) | 150 (1.8) | 165 (5.8) | 35 (7.7) |
| Diabetes | 2099 (18.0) | 1288 (15.5) | 709 (24.9) | 102 (22.5) |
| COPD | 699 (6.0) | 378 (4.5) | 271 (9.5) | 50 (11.0) |
| Type of procedure, n (%) | ||||
| Elective surgery | 10 438 (89.7) | 7446 (89.4) | 2570 (90.1) | 422 (93.0) |
| Urgent/emergency surgery | 1198 (10.3) | 883 (10.6) | 283 (9.9) | 32 (7.0) |
| Open surgery | 7318 (62.9) | 5254 (63.1) | 1735 (60.9) | 329 (72.5) |
| Minimally invasive surgery | 4312 (37.1) | 3071 (36.9) | 1116 (39.1) | 125 (27.5) |
| Selected procedures, n (%) | ||||
| Partial or total colectomy or stomach surgery | 2150 (18.5) | 1307 (15.7) | 738 (25.9) | 105 (23.1) |
| Complex visceral resection | 1128 (9.7) | 858 (10.3) | 208 (7.3) | 62 (13.7) |
| Other abdominal surgery | 4094 (35.2) | 3015 (36.2) | 926 (32.5) | 153 (33.7) |
| Urologic or gynecologic visceral resection | 1056 (9.1) | 752 (9.0) | 243 (8.5) | 61 (13.4) |
| TURP | 973 (8.4) | 619 (7.4) | 331 (11.6) | 23 (5.1) |
| Radical prostatectomy | 735 (6.3) | 620 (7.4) | 101 (3.5) | 14 (3.1) |
| Urologic or gynecologic cytoreduction | 285 (2.4) | 215 (2.6) | 58 (2.0) | 12 (2.6) |
| Radical hysterectomy | 462 (4.0) | 346 (4.2) | 104 (3.6) | 12 (2.6) |
| Antithrombotic agents∗, receipt of any in the first 3 days postsurgery, n (%) | 6456 (55.5%) | 4242 (50.9%) | 1832 (64.2%) | 382 (84.1%) |
| Characteristic . | VTE risk group . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 11 636) . | Low (n = 8329 [72%]) . | Medium (n = 2853 [25%]) . | High (n = 454 [3.9%]) . | |
| Risk instrument factors, n (%) | ||||
| Age ≥75 years | 2035 (17.5) | 0 | 1882 (66.0) | 153 (33.7) |
| BMI ≥35 kg/m2 | 1098 (9.4) | 0 | 971 (34.0) | 127 (28.0) |
| Personal history of VTE | 385 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 385 (84.8) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Active cancer | 5083 (43.7) | 3548 (42.6) | 1278 (44.8) | 257 (56.6) |
| Hypertension | 5401 (46.4) | 3271 (39.3) | 1874 (65.7) | 256 (56.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1212 (10.4) | 650 (7.8) | 474 (16.6) | 88 (19.4) |
| Stroke or TIA | 541 (4.6) | 268 (3.2) | 228 (8.0) | 45 (9.9) |
| Parkinson disease | 292 (2.5) | 149 (1.8) | 105 (3.7) | 38 (8.4) |
| Chronic heart failure | 333 (2.9) | 121 (1.5) | 175 (6.1) | 37 (8.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 350 (3.0) | 150 (1.8) | 165 (5.8) | 35 (7.7) |
| Diabetes | 2099 (18.0) | 1288 (15.5) | 709 (24.9) | 102 (22.5) |
| COPD | 699 (6.0) | 378 (4.5) | 271 (9.5) | 50 (11.0) |
| Type of procedure, n (%) | ||||
| Elective surgery | 10 438 (89.7) | 7446 (89.4) | 2570 (90.1) | 422 (93.0) |
| Urgent/emergency surgery | 1198 (10.3) | 883 (10.6) | 283 (9.9) | 32 (7.0) |
| Open surgery | 7318 (62.9) | 5254 (63.1) | 1735 (60.9) | 329 (72.5) |
| Minimally invasive surgery | 4312 (37.1) | 3071 (36.9) | 1116 (39.1) | 125 (27.5) |
| Selected procedures, n (%) | ||||
| Partial or total colectomy or stomach surgery | 2150 (18.5) | 1307 (15.7) | 738 (25.9) | 105 (23.1) |
| Complex visceral resection | 1128 (9.7) | 858 (10.3) | 208 (7.3) | 62 (13.7) |
| Other abdominal surgery | 4094 (35.2) | 3015 (36.2) | 926 (32.5) | 153 (33.7) |
| Urologic or gynecologic visceral resection | 1056 (9.1) | 752 (9.0) | 243 (8.5) | 61 (13.4) |
| TURP | 973 (8.4) | 619 (7.4) | 331 (11.6) | 23 (5.1) |
| Radical prostatectomy | 735 (6.3) | 620 (7.4) | 101 (3.5) | 14 (3.1) |
| Urologic or gynecologic cytoreduction | 285 (2.4) | 215 (2.6) | 58 (2.0) | 12 (2.6) |
| Radical hysterectomy | 462 (4.0) | 346 (4.2) | 104 (3.6) | 12 (2.6) |
| Antithrombotic agents∗, receipt of any in the first 3 days postsurgery, n (%) | 6456 (55.5%) | 4242 (50.9%) | 1832 (64.2%) | 382 (84.1%) |
Low risk was BMI <35 kg/m2, age <75 years, and no history of VTE. Medium risk was BMI ≥35 kg/m2 or age ≥75 years, without history of VTE. High risk was history of VTE or both of BMI ≥35 kg/m2 and age ≥75 years.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate.
Antithrombotic agents include oral anticoagulants or subcutaneous or IV antithrombotic agents in the first 3 days after surgery. Complex visceral resection included surgery involving the liver, esophagus, pancreas, or multiple organs, whereas other intra-abdominal surgery included gallbladder, appendix, adrenals, spleen, or regional lymph node dissection. Urologic or gynecologic visceral resection included nephrectomy, ureterectomy, bladder resection, retroperitoneal tumor resection, and exenteration (ie, radical procedure for cancer to remove pelvic organs), whereas cytoreduction included “debulking” done when cancer has spread in the pelvic/abdominal area to remove as much of the tumor as possible.