VA ECMO baseline characteristics
| . | Total (n = 126) . | Survivors (n = 34) . | Nonsurvivors (n = 92) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (25th-75th percentile), y | 33 (25-44) | 27 (21-37) | 34 (26-47) | .01 |
| Sex, n (%) | .21 | |||
| Male | 69 (54.8) | 15 (44.1) | 54 (58.7) | |
| Female | 57 (45.2) | 19 (55.9) | 38 (41.3) | |
| Weight, median (25th-75th percentile), kg | 75 (62-90) | 74 (58.7-86.8) | 77.1 (64.1-90.4) | .23 |
| Height, mean ± SD, cm | 169.6 ± 11.6 | 169.1 ± 9.3 | 169.8 ± 12.5 | .78 |
| BMI, median (25th-75th percentile), kg/m2 | 26 (22.3-30.5) | 24.2 (21-30.6) | 26 (22.7-30.3) | .78 |
| Race, n (%) | .08 | |||
| Black | 100 (79.4) | 29 (85.3) | 71 (77.2) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (5.6) | 1 (2.9) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Middle Eastern/Northern African | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Native American | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| White | 7 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.6) | |
| Multiple | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 3 (2.4) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Unknown | 6 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Support type, n (%) | .02 | |||
| Cardiac | 74 (58.7) | 23 (67.6) | 51 (55.4) | |
| eCPR | 40 (31.7) | 5 (14.7) | 35 (38) | |
| Pulmonary | 12 (9.5) | 6 (17.6) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Pre-ECLS arrest, n (%) | 69 (54.8) | 12 (35.3) | 57 (62) | .009 |
| Ventilator status, n (%) | .43 | |||
| Conventional | 67 (53.2) | 22 (64.7) | 45 (48.5) | |
| No ventilator | 17 (13.5) | 3 (8.8) | 14 (15.2) | |
| HFO | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Other | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Ventilatory settings | ||||
| Respiratory rate (breaths per min), mean ± SD | 23 ± 7 | 24 ± 7 | 23 ± 7 | .54 |
| FiO2, median (25th-75th percentile), % | 100 (89-100) | 100 (86-100) | 100 (100-100) | .43 |
| PIP, median (25th-75th percentile), cm H2O | 30 (25-38) | 30 (21-35) | 31 (28-38) | .20 |
| PEEP, median (25th-75th percentile), cm H2O | 8 (5-12) | 6 (5-8) | 10 (5-13) | .06 |
| Mean airway pressure, median (25th-75th percentile), cm H2O | 17 (11-24) | 12 (10-15) | 19 (13-25) | .03 |
| Required hand-bagging, n (%) | 19 (15.1) | 3 (8.8) | 16 (17.4) | .12 |
| Laboratory values and vital signs | ||||
| pH, median (25th-75th percentile) | 7.18 (7.04-7.30) | 7.26 (7.12-7.33) | 7.14 (7.02-7.29) | .09 |
| pCO2, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 50 ± 23 | 47 ± 20 | 51 ± 24 | .45 |
| pO2, median (25th-75th percentile), mm Hg | 101 (64-182) | 149 (89-293) | 90 (63-164) | .06 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 17 ± 6 | 19 ± 7 | 17 ± 6 | .14 |
| SaO2, median (25th-75th percentile), % | 95 (84-99) | 98 (95-100) | 93 (84-98) | .02 |
| Lactate, median (25th-75th percentile), mmol/L | 11.2 (5.7-15.4) | 6.8 (3.4-9.3) | 13.2 (6.4-16) | .02 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 95 ± 35 | 109 ± 37 | 89 ± 33 | .01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 58 ± 23 | 66 ± 25 | 55 ± 21 | .03 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 70 ± 25 | 80 ± 26 | 65 ± 23 | .02 |
| Pulse pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 35 ± 23 | 42 ± 29 | 32 ± 20 | .17 |
| . | Total (n = 126) . | Survivors (n = 34) . | Nonsurvivors (n = 92) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (25th-75th percentile), y | 33 (25-44) | 27 (21-37) | 34 (26-47) | .01 |
| Sex, n (%) | .21 | |||
| Male | 69 (54.8) | 15 (44.1) | 54 (58.7) | |
| Female | 57 (45.2) | 19 (55.9) | 38 (41.3) | |
| Weight, median (25th-75th percentile), kg | 75 (62-90) | 74 (58.7-86.8) | 77.1 (64.1-90.4) | .23 |
| Height, mean ± SD, cm | 169.6 ± 11.6 | 169.1 ± 9.3 | 169.8 ± 12.5 | .78 |
| BMI, median (25th-75th percentile), kg/m2 | 26 (22.3-30.5) | 24.2 (21-30.6) | 26 (22.7-30.3) | .78 |
| Race, n (%) | .08 | |||
| Black | 100 (79.4) | 29 (85.3) | 71 (77.2) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (5.6) | 1 (2.9) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Middle Eastern/Northern African | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Native American | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| White | 7 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.6) | |
| Multiple | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 3 (2.4) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Unknown | 6 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Support type, n (%) | .02 | |||
| Cardiac | 74 (58.7) | 23 (67.6) | 51 (55.4) | |
| eCPR | 40 (31.7) | 5 (14.7) | 35 (38) | |
| Pulmonary | 12 (9.5) | 6 (17.6) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Pre-ECLS arrest, n (%) | 69 (54.8) | 12 (35.3) | 57 (62) | .009 |
| Ventilator status, n (%) | .43 | |||
| Conventional | 67 (53.2) | 22 (64.7) | 45 (48.5) | |
| No ventilator | 17 (13.5) | 3 (8.8) | 14 (15.2) | |
| HFO | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Other | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Ventilatory settings | ||||
| Respiratory rate (breaths per min), mean ± SD | 23 ± 7 | 24 ± 7 | 23 ± 7 | .54 |
| FiO2, median (25th-75th percentile), % | 100 (89-100) | 100 (86-100) | 100 (100-100) | .43 |
| PIP, median (25th-75th percentile), cm H2O | 30 (25-38) | 30 (21-35) | 31 (28-38) | .20 |
| PEEP, median (25th-75th percentile), cm H2O | 8 (5-12) | 6 (5-8) | 10 (5-13) | .06 |
| Mean airway pressure, median (25th-75th percentile), cm H2O | 17 (11-24) | 12 (10-15) | 19 (13-25) | .03 |
| Required hand-bagging, n (%) | 19 (15.1) | 3 (8.8) | 16 (17.4) | .12 |
| Laboratory values and vital signs | ||||
| pH, median (25th-75th percentile) | 7.18 (7.04-7.30) | 7.26 (7.12-7.33) | 7.14 (7.02-7.29) | .09 |
| pCO2, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 50 ± 23 | 47 ± 20 | 51 ± 24 | .45 |
| pO2, median (25th-75th percentile), mm Hg | 101 (64-182) | 149 (89-293) | 90 (63-164) | .06 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 17 ± 6 | 19 ± 7 | 17 ± 6 | .14 |
| SaO2, median (25th-75th percentile), % | 95 (84-99) | 98 (95-100) | 93 (84-98) | .02 |
| Lactate, median (25th-75th percentile), mmol/L | 11.2 (5.7-15.4) | 6.8 (3.4-9.3) | 13.2 (6.4-16) | .02 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 95 ± 35 | 109 ± 37 | 89 ± 33 | .01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 58 ± 23 | 66 ± 25 | 55 ± 21 | .03 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 70 ± 25 | 80 ± 26 | 65 ± 23 | .02 |
| Pulse pressure, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 35 ± 23 | 42 ± 29 | 32 ± 20 | .17 |
Includes patients with hybrid cannulation strategies (eg, VVA ECMO).
BMI, body mass index; HFO, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; SD, standard deviation.