Demographics and disease characteristics of patients with noninfant B-ALL experiencing relapse after frontline COG clinical trials by race and ethnicity
| Characteristics . | Race/ethnicity grouping . | P value . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic of all races (N = 452) . | NH White (N = 957) . | NH Black (N = 115) . | NH Asian (N = 52) . | NH Other (N = 16) . | Other/Unknown (N = 123) . | Total (N = 1715) . | ||
| Age at diagnosis, n (%) | .58∗ | |||||||
| 1-9 years | 306 (67.7) | 686 (71.7) | 77 (67.0) | 39 (75.0) | 10 (62.5) | 84 (68.3) | 1202 (70.1) | |
| 10-15 years | 93 (20.6) | 181 (18.9) | 29 (25.2) | 10 (19.2) | 3 (18.8) | 28 (22.8) | 344 (20.1) | |
| 16+ years | 53 (11.7) | 90 (9.4) | 9 (7.8) | 3 (5.8) | 3 (18.8) | 11 (8.9) | 169 (9.9) | |
| Age at relapse, n (%) | .64∗ | |||||||
| 1-9 years | 231 (51.1) | 478 (49.9) | 67 (58.3) | 30 (57.7) | 8 (50.0) | 61 (49.6) | 875 (51.0) | |
| 10-15 years | 120 (26.5) | 286 (29.9) | 23 (20.0) | 14 (26.9) | 5 (31.3) | 34 (27.6) | 482 (28.1) | |
| 16+ years | 101 (22.3) | 193 (20.2) | 25 (21.7) | 8 (15.4) | 3 (18.8) | 28 (22.8) | 358 (20.9) | |
| Cytogenetic group†, n (%) | .13∗ | |||||||
| Favorable | 95 (26.4) | 223 (31.4) | 32 (34.8) | 12 (30.0) | 7 (53.8) | 22 (23.9) | 391 (29.9) | |
| Unfavorable | 45 (12.5) | 114 (16.1) | 12 (13.0) | 7 (17.5) | 1 (7.7) | 11 (12.0) | 190 (14.5) | |
| Neutral | 220 (61.1) | 373 (52.5) | 48 (52.2) | 21 (52.5) | 5 (38.5) | 59 (64.1) | 726 (55.5) | |
| Unknown | 92 | 247 | 23 | 12 | 3 | 31 | 408 | |
| Duration in frontline trial (months) | .11‡ | |||||||
| N | 449 | 953 | 114 | 52 | 16 | 121 | 1705 | |
| Mean | 20.6 | 21.4 | 20 | 18.8 | 13.0 | 21.3 | 20.9 | |
| Median | 24.1 | 26.2 | 24.5 | 20.5 | 11.6 | 26.2 | 25.9 | |
| Range | 0.1-45.5 | 0.0-42.2 | 0.2-40.5 | 0.4-40.8 | 0.2-29.3 | 0.0-40.7 | 0.0-45.5 | |
| Enrolled in selected ALL studies§at relapse, n (%) | .67∗ | |||||||
| No | 372 (82.3) | 772 (80.7) | 94 (81.7) | 46 (88.5) | 14 (87.5) | 97 (78.9) | 1395 (81.3) | |
| Yes | 80 (17.7) | 185 (19.3) | 21 (18.3) | 6 (11.5) | 2 (12.5) | 26 (21.1) | 320 (18.7) | |
| Sex, n (%) | .50∗ | |||||||
| Male | 278 (61.5) | 558 (58.3) | 76 (66.1) | 29 (55.8) | 9 (56.3) | 69 (56.1) | 1019 (59.4) | |
| Female | 174 (38.5) | 399 (41.7) | 39 (33.9) | 23 (44.2) | 7 (43.8) | 54 (43.9) | 696 (40.6) | |
| Time to relapse, n (%) | .0002∗ | |||||||
| <18 months | 110 (24.3) | 162 (16.9) | 34 (29.6) | 12 (23.1) | 5 (31.3) | 26 (21.1) | 349 (20.3) | |
| 18-35 months | 165 (36.5) | 290 (30.3) | 35 (30.4) | 16 (30.8) | 5 (31.3) | 35 (28.5) | 546 (31.8) | |
| ≥36 months | 177 (39.2) | 505 (52.8) | 46 (40.0) | 24 (46.2) | 6 (37.5) | 62 (50.4) | 820 (47.8) | |
| Sites of relapse, n (%) | .60∗ | |||||||
| Isolated BM | 267 (59.1) | 552 (57.7) | 66 (57.4) | 29 (55.8) | 10 (62.5) | 79 (64.2) | 1003 (58.5) | |
| Combined BM (±CNS) | 59 (13.1) | 139 (14.5) | 13 (11.3) | 7 (13.5) | 4 (25.0) | 14 (11.4) | 236 (13.8) | |
| Isolated CNS | 104 (23.0) | 202 (21.1) | 30 (26.1) | 9 (17.3) | 1 (6.3) | 25 (20.3) | 371 (21.6) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 7 (0.4) | |
| Other | 20 (4.4) | 60 (6.3) | 6 (5.2) | 7 (13.5) | 1 (6.3) | 4 (3.3) | 98 (5.7) | |
| WBC count at initial diagnosis (x 103cells per μL), n (%) | .034∗ | |||||||
| <50 | 330 (73.0) | 764 (79.8) | 84 (73.0) | 36 (69.2) | 13 (81.3) | 99 (80.5) | 1326 (77.3) | |
| 50-100 | 45 (10.0) | 87 (9.1) | 17 (14.8) | 8 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (9.8) | 169 (9.9) | |
| >100 | 77 (17.0) | 106 (11.1) | 14 (12.2) | 8 (15.4) | 3 (18.8) | 12 (9.8) | 220 (12.8) | |
| CNS status at initial diagnosis, n (%) | .027∗ | |||||||
| CNS 1 | 367 (81.6) | 816 (85.9) | 94 (81.7) | 42 (80.8) | 15 (93.8) | 115 (93.5) | 1449 (84.9) | |
| CNS 2 | 72 (16.0) | 115 (12.1) | 17 (14.8) | 10 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (6.5) | 222 (13.0) | |
| CNS 3 | 11 (2.4) | 19 (2.0) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (2.1) | |
| Unknown/missing | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
| NCI risk group, n (%) | .48∗ | |||||||
| Standard risk | 243 (53.8%) | 555 (58.0%) | 57 (49.6%) | 28 (53.8%) | 9 (56.3%) | 69 (56.1%) | 961 (56.0%) | |
| High risk | 209 (46.2%) | 402 (42.0%) | 58 (50.4%) | 24 (46.2%) | 7 (43.8%) | 54 (43.9%) | 754 (44.0%) | |
| Frontline induction day 29 MRD category, n (%) | .040∗ | |||||||
| <0.01%|| | 167 (43.5) | 300 (38.5) | 54 (51.9) | 11 (26.8) | 5 (35.7) | 50 (46.7) | 587 (41.1) | |
| 0.01%-0.099% | 121 (31.5) | 270 (34.7) | 33 (31.7) | 16 (39.0) | 4 (28.6) | 26 (24.3) | 470 (32.9) | |
| 0.1%-0.99% | 69 (18.0) | 135 (17.3) | 14 (13.5) | 8 (19.5) | 5 (35.7) | 18 (16.8) | 249 (17.4) | |
| ≥1% | 27 (7.0) | 74 (9.5) | 3 (2.9) | 6 (14.6) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (12.1) | 123 (8.6) | |
| Unknown | 68 | 178 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 16 | 286 | |
| Characteristics . | Race/ethnicity grouping . | P value . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic of all races (N = 452) . | NH White (N = 957) . | NH Black (N = 115) . | NH Asian (N = 52) . | NH Other (N = 16) . | Other/Unknown (N = 123) . | Total (N = 1715) . | ||
| Age at diagnosis, n (%) | .58∗ | |||||||
| 1-9 years | 306 (67.7) | 686 (71.7) | 77 (67.0) | 39 (75.0) | 10 (62.5) | 84 (68.3) | 1202 (70.1) | |
| 10-15 years | 93 (20.6) | 181 (18.9) | 29 (25.2) | 10 (19.2) | 3 (18.8) | 28 (22.8) | 344 (20.1) | |
| 16+ years | 53 (11.7) | 90 (9.4) | 9 (7.8) | 3 (5.8) | 3 (18.8) | 11 (8.9) | 169 (9.9) | |
| Age at relapse, n (%) | .64∗ | |||||||
| 1-9 years | 231 (51.1) | 478 (49.9) | 67 (58.3) | 30 (57.7) | 8 (50.0) | 61 (49.6) | 875 (51.0) | |
| 10-15 years | 120 (26.5) | 286 (29.9) | 23 (20.0) | 14 (26.9) | 5 (31.3) | 34 (27.6) | 482 (28.1) | |
| 16+ years | 101 (22.3) | 193 (20.2) | 25 (21.7) | 8 (15.4) | 3 (18.8) | 28 (22.8) | 358 (20.9) | |
| Cytogenetic group†, n (%) | .13∗ | |||||||
| Favorable | 95 (26.4) | 223 (31.4) | 32 (34.8) | 12 (30.0) | 7 (53.8) | 22 (23.9) | 391 (29.9) | |
| Unfavorable | 45 (12.5) | 114 (16.1) | 12 (13.0) | 7 (17.5) | 1 (7.7) | 11 (12.0) | 190 (14.5) | |
| Neutral | 220 (61.1) | 373 (52.5) | 48 (52.2) | 21 (52.5) | 5 (38.5) | 59 (64.1) | 726 (55.5) | |
| Unknown | 92 | 247 | 23 | 12 | 3 | 31 | 408 | |
| Duration in frontline trial (months) | .11‡ | |||||||
| N | 449 | 953 | 114 | 52 | 16 | 121 | 1705 | |
| Mean | 20.6 | 21.4 | 20 | 18.8 | 13.0 | 21.3 | 20.9 | |
| Median | 24.1 | 26.2 | 24.5 | 20.5 | 11.6 | 26.2 | 25.9 | |
| Range | 0.1-45.5 | 0.0-42.2 | 0.2-40.5 | 0.4-40.8 | 0.2-29.3 | 0.0-40.7 | 0.0-45.5 | |
| Enrolled in selected ALL studies§at relapse, n (%) | .67∗ | |||||||
| No | 372 (82.3) | 772 (80.7) | 94 (81.7) | 46 (88.5) | 14 (87.5) | 97 (78.9) | 1395 (81.3) | |
| Yes | 80 (17.7) | 185 (19.3) | 21 (18.3) | 6 (11.5) | 2 (12.5) | 26 (21.1) | 320 (18.7) | |
| Sex, n (%) | .50∗ | |||||||
| Male | 278 (61.5) | 558 (58.3) | 76 (66.1) | 29 (55.8) | 9 (56.3) | 69 (56.1) | 1019 (59.4) | |
| Female | 174 (38.5) | 399 (41.7) | 39 (33.9) | 23 (44.2) | 7 (43.8) | 54 (43.9) | 696 (40.6) | |
| Time to relapse, n (%) | .0002∗ | |||||||
| <18 months | 110 (24.3) | 162 (16.9) | 34 (29.6) | 12 (23.1) | 5 (31.3) | 26 (21.1) | 349 (20.3) | |
| 18-35 months | 165 (36.5) | 290 (30.3) | 35 (30.4) | 16 (30.8) | 5 (31.3) | 35 (28.5) | 546 (31.8) | |
| ≥36 months | 177 (39.2) | 505 (52.8) | 46 (40.0) | 24 (46.2) | 6 (37.5) | 62 (50.4) | 820 (47.8) | |
| Sites of relapse, n (%) | .60∗ | |||||||
| Isolated BM | 267 (59.1) | 552 (57.7) | 66 (57.4) | 29 (55.8) | 10 (62.5) | 79 (64.2) | 1003 (58.5) | |
| Combined BM (±CNS) | 59 (13.1) | 139 (14.5) | 13 (11.3) | 7 (13.5) | 4 (25.0) | 14 (11.4) | 236 (13.8) | |
| Isolated CNS | 104 (23.0) | 202 (21.1) | 30 (26.1) | 9 (17.3) | 1 (6.3) | 25 (20.3) | 371 (21.6) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 7 (0.4) | |
| Other | 20 (4.4) | 60 (6.3) | 6 (5.2) | 7 (13.5) | 1 (6.3) | 4 (3.3) | 98 (5.7) | |
| WBC count at initial diagnosis (x 103cells per μL), n (%) | .034∗ | |||||||
| <50 | 330 (73.0) | 764 (79.8) | 84 (73.0) | 36 (69.2) | 13 (81.3) | 99 (80.5) | 1326 (77.3) | |
| 50-100 | 45 (10.0) | 87 (9.1) | 17 (14.8) | 8 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (9.8) | 169 (9.9) | |
| >100 | 77 (17.0) | 106 (11.1) | 14 (12.2) | 8 (15.4) | 3 (18.8) | 12 (9.8) | 220 (12.8) | |
| CNS status at initial diagnosis, n (%) | .027∗ | |||||||
| CNS 1 | 367 (81.6) | 816 (85.9) | 94 (81.7) | 42 (80.8) | 15 (93.8) | 115 (93.5) | 1449 (84.9) | |
| CNS 2 | 72 (16.0) | 115 (12.1) | 17 (14.8) | 10 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (6.5) | 222 (13.0) | |
| CNS 3 | 11 (2.4) | 19 (2.0) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (2.1) | |
| Unknown/missing | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
| NCI risk group, n (%) | .48∗ | |||||||
| Standard risk | 243 (53.8%) | 555 (58.0%) | 57 (49.6%) | 28 (53.8%) | 9 (56.3%) | 69 (56.1%) | 961 (56.0%) | |
| High risk | 209 (46.2%) | 402 (42.0%) | 58 (50.4%) | 24 (46.2%) | 7 (43.8%) | 54 (43.9%) | 754 (44.0%) | |
| Frontline induction day 29 MRD category, n (%) | .040∗ | |||||||
| <0.01%|| | 167 (43.5) | 300 (38.5) | 54 (51.9) | 11 (26.8) | 5 (35.7) | 50 (46.7) | 587 (41.1) | |
| 0.01%-0.099% | 121 (31.5) | 270 (34.7) | 33 (31.7) | 16 (39.0) | 4 (28.6) | 26 (24.3) | 470 (32.9) | |
| 0.1%-0.99% | 69 (18.0) | 135 (17.3) | 14 (13.5) | 8 (19.5) | 5 (35.7) | 18 (16.8) | 249 (17.4) | |
| ≥1% | 27 (7.0) | 74 (9.5) | 3 (2.9) | 6 (14.6) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (12.1) | 123 (8.6) | |
| Unknown | 68 | 178 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 16 | 286 | |
Bold values indicate P < .05.
BM, bone marrow; NCI, National Cancer Institute.
P values calculated using the chi-square test.
Cytogenetic group was defined as the following: favorable (double trisomy 4/10, ETV6::RUNX1) vs unfavorable (KMT2A-rearranged, hypodiploid <44, intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21, BCR::ABL1) vs neutral (all others).
For duration of frontline trial, P value is calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
The COG relapse ALL studies included: AALL01P2, AALL02P2, AALL0433, AALL07P1, AALL1331, and AALL1821.
This category included patients with MRD <0.01% and a small number of patients whose MRD was reported as negative using an assay with a sensitivity of 1 in 1000.