Incidence of anemia at year 2 by vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation
| Subgroup . | Active vitamin D (n = 401), n (%) . | Placebo vitamin D (n = 438), n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | P value . | Active omega-3 (n = 422), n (%) . | Placebo omega-3 (n = 417), n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort | 36 (9.0) | 42 (9.6) | 0.94 (0.59-1.51) | .80 | 44 (10.4) | 34 (8.2) | 1.31 (0.82-2.09) | .26 |
| Age, y | .73∗ | .32∗ | ||||||
| 50-64 | 19/220 (8.6) | 23/231 (10.0) | 0.86 (0.45-1.62) | .63 | 21/228 (9.2) | 21/223 (9.4) | 0.97 (0.51-1.83) | .92 |
| 65-74 | 14/160 (8.8) | 15/174 (8.6) | 1.05 (0.49-2.26) | .91 | 19/164 (11.6) | 10/170 (5.9) | 2.09 (0.94-4.66) | .07 |
| ≥75 | 3/21 (14.3) | 4/33 (12.1) | 1.15 (0.22-5.93) | .87 | 4/30 (13.3) | 3/24 (12.5) | 0.95 (0.18-5.05) | .95 |
| Sex | .85∗ | .13∗ | ||||||
| Male | 19/216 (8.8) | 21/234 (9.0) | 0.99 (0.51-1.89) | .96 | 19/221 (8.6) | 21/229 (9.2) | 0.93 (0.48-1.78) | .82 |
| Female | 17/185 (9.2) | 21/204 (10.3) | 0.90 (0.46-1.78) | .77 | 25/201 (12.4) | 13/188 (6.9) | 1.93 (0.96-3.90) | .07 |
| Race† | .36∗ | .60∗ | ||||||
| White | 32/340 (9.4) | 33/369 (8.9) | 1.07 (0.64-1.79) | .80 | 35/352 (9.9) | 30/357 (8.4) | 1.2 (0.72-2.01) | .48 |
| Non-White | 4/55 (7.3) | 8/59 (13.6) | 0.57 (0.15-2.10) | .39 | 8/60 (13.3) | 4/54 (7.4) | 1.8 (0.49-6.70) | .38 |
| BMI | .62∗ | .19∗ | ||||||
| <25 | 17/141 (12.1) | 19/154 (12.3) | 1.00 (0.49-2.01) | .99 | 17/136 (12.5) | 19/159 (12.0) | 1.01 (0.50-2.04) | .98 |
| 25 to <30 | 13/182 (7.1) | 12/176 (6.8) | 1.03 (0.45-2.34) | .95 | 15/186 (8.1) | 10/172 (5.8) | 1.37 (0.59-3.17) | .47 |
| ≥30 | 6/78 (7.7) | 11/108 (10.2) | 0.71 (0.25-2.04) | .52 | 12/100 (12.0) | 5/86 (5.8) | 2.1 (0.71-6.33) | .18 |
| Baseline vitamin D, ng/mL | .81∗ | .54∗ | ||||||
| <20 | 7/66 (10.6) | 9/71 (12.7) | 0.78 (0.26-2.33) | .65 | 9/76 (11.8) | 7/61 (11.5) | 1.05 (0.35-3.22) | .93 |
| ≥20 | 29/335 (8.7) | 33/367 (9.0) | 0.96 (0.57-1.63) | .89 | 35/346 (10.1) | 27/356 (7.6) | 1.38 (0.82-2.34) | .23 |
| Total fish intake‡ | .36∗ | .13∗ | ||||||
| Below median | 17/162 (10.5) | 16/183 (8.7) | 1.29 (0.62-2.66) | .49 | 21/164 (12.8) | 12/181 (6.6) | 2.13 (1.01-4.51) | .047∗ |
| Median or higher | 17/216 (7.9) | 22/232 (9.5) | 0.82 (0.42-1.59) | .56 | 20/234 (8.5) | 19/214 (8.9) | 0.96 (0.50-1.86) | .91 |
| CRP,§mg/L | .58∗ | .63∗ | ||||||
| <1 | 19/177 (10.7) | 18/180 (10.0) | 1.10 (0.55-2.17) | .79 | 19/163 (11.7) | 18/194 (9.3) | 1.27 (0.64-2.51) | .50 |
| 1-3 | 10/136 (7.4) | 13/157 (8.3) | 0.88 (0.37-2.08) | .77 | 13/162 (8.0) | 10/131 (7.6) | 1.05 (0.44-2.49) | .91 |
| >3 | 7/86 (8.1) | 10/97 (10.3) | 0.83 (0.30-2.33) | .73 | 11/93 (11.8) | 6/90 (6.7) | 1.91 (0.67-5.42) | .23 |
| Subgroup . | Active vitamin D (n = 401), n (%) . | Placebo vitamin D (n = 438), n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | P value . | Active omega-3 (n = 422), n (%) . | Placebo omega-3 (n = 417), n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort | 36 (9.0) | 42 (9.6) | 0.94 (0.59-1.51) | .80 | 44 (10.4) | 34 (8.2) | 1.31 (0.82-2.09) | .26 |
| Age, y | .73∗ | .32∗ | ||||||
| 50-64 | 19/220 (8.6) | 23/231 (10.0) | 0.86 (0.45-1.62) | .63 | 21/228 (9.2) | 21/223 (9.4) | 0.97 (0.51-1.83) | .92 |
| 65-74 | 14/160 (8.8) | 15/174 (8.6) | 1.05 (0.49-2.26) | .91 | 19/164 (11.6) | 10/170 (5.9) | 2.09 (0.94-4.66) | .07 |
| ≥75 | 3/21 (14.3) | 4/33 (12.1) | 1.15 (0.22-5.93) | .87 | 4/30 (13.3) | 3/24 (12.5) | 0.95 (0.18-5.05) | .95 |
| Sex | .85∗ | .13∗ | ||||||
| Male | 19/216 (8.8) | 21/234 (9.0) | 0.99 (0.51-1.89) | .96 | 19/221 (8.6) | 21/229 (9.2) | 0.93 (0.48-1.78) | .82 |
| Female | 17/185 (9.2) | 21/204 (10.3) | 0.90 (0.46-1.78) | .77 | 25/201 (12.4) | 13/188 (6.9) | 1.93 (0.96-3.90) | .07 |
| Race† | .36∗ | .60∗ | ||||||
| White | 32/340 (9.4) | 33/369 (8.9) | 1.07 (0.64-1.79) | .80 | 35/352 (9.9) | 30/357 (8.4) | 1.2 (0.72-2.01) | .48 |
| Non-White | 4/55 (7.3) | 8/59 (13.6) | 0.57 (0.15-2.10) | .39 | 8/60 (13.3) | 4/54 (7.4) | 1.8 (0.49-6.70) | .38 |
| BMI | .62∗ | .19∗ | ||||||
| <25 | 17/141 (12.1) | 19/154 (12.3) | 1.00 (0.49-2.01) | .99 | 17/136 (12.5) | 19/159 (12.0) | 1.01 (0.50-2.04) | .98 |
| 25 to <30 | 13/182 (7.1) | 12/176 (6.8) | 1.03 (0.45-2.34) | .95 | 15/186 (8.1) | 10/172 (5.8) | 1.37 (0.59-3.17) | .47 |
| ≥30 | 6/78 (7.7) | 11/108 (10.2) | 0.71 (0.25-2.04) | .52 | 12/100 (12.0) | 5/86 (5.8) | 2.1 (0.71-6.33) | .18 |
| Baseline vitamin D, ng/mL | .81∗ | .54∗ | ||||||
| <20 | 7/66 (10.6) | 9/71 (12.7) | 0.78 (0.26-2.33) | .65 | 9/76 (11.8) | 7/61 (11.5) | 1.05 (0.35-3.22) | .93 |
| ≥20 | 29/335 (8.7) | 33/367 (9.0) | 0.96 (0.57-1.63) | .89 | 35/346 (10.1) | 27/356 (7.6) | 1.38 (0.82-2.34) | .23 |
| Total fish intake‡ | .36∗ | .13∗ | ||||||
| Below median | 17/162 (10.5) | 16/183 (8.7) | 1.29 (0.62-2.66) | .49 | 21/164 (12.8) | 12/181 (6.6) | 2.13 (1.01-4.51) | .047∗ |
| Median or higher | 17/216 (7.9) | 22/232 (9.5) | 0.82 (0.42-1.59) | .56 | 20/234 (8.5) | 19/214 (8.9) | 0.96 (0.50-1.86) | .91 |
| CRP,§mg/L | .58∗ | .63∗ | ||||||
| <1 | 19/177 (10.7) | 18/180 (10.0) | 1.10 (0.55-2.17) | .79 | 19/163 (11.7) | 18/194 (9.3) | 1.27 (0.64-2.51) | .50 |
| 1-3 | 10/136 (7.4) | 13/157 (8.3) | 0.88 (0.37-2.08) | .77 | 13/162 (8.0) | 10/131 (7.6) | 1.05 (0.44-2.49) | .91 |
| >3 | 7/86 (8.1) | 10/97 (10.3) | 0.83 (0.30-2.33) | .73 | 11/93 (11.8) | 6/90 (6.7) | 1.91 (0.67-5.42) | .23 |
Refers to P interaction.
Missing data points for race for active vitamin D (n = 6), placebo vitamin D (n = 10), active omega-3 FAs (n = 10), and placebo omega-3 FAs (n = 6).
Missing data points for fish intake by group were as follows: n = 23 (active vitamin D), n = 23 (placebo vitamin D), n = 24 (active omega-3 FAs), and n = 22 (placebo omega-3 FAs).
Missing data points for CRP by group were as follows: n = 2 (active vitamin D), n = 4 (placebo vitamin D), n = 4 (active omega-3 FAs), and n = 2 (placebo omega-3 FAs).