Table 3.

Recommended supporting studies

  • Medical history with emphasis on symptoms of hemoglobinuria, thromboembolic disease, dysphagia, odynophagia, abdominal pain, and male impotence

  • Determination by flow cytometry of the proportion of PNH I, PNH II, and PNH III erythrocytes*

  • Determination by flow cytometry of the proportion of GPI-AP-deficient granulocytes†

  • Serum iron studies (iron concentration, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin concentration)

  • Serum concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen

  • Serum concentration of erythropoietin

  • Urine hemosiderin

  • HLA type‡

 

  • Medical history with emphasis on symptoms of hemoglobinuria, thromboembolic disease, dysphagia, odynophagia, abdominal pain, and male impotence

  • Determination by flow cytometry of the proportion of PNH I, PNH II, and PNH III erythrocytes*

  • Determination by flow cytometry of the proportion of GPI-AP-deficient granulocytes†

  • Serum iron studies (iron concentration, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin concentration)

  • Serum concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen

  • Serum concentration of erythropoietin

  • Urine hemosiderin

  • HLA type‡

 
*

Hemolysis depends on both the proportion and type of abnormal erythrocytes (see “Management of the anemia of PNH”).

†

Determining the contribution of PIGA mutant hematopoiesis may influence therapeutic decisions such as prophylactic anticoagulation.

‡

The association between HLA type and subclinical PNH may have prognostic and therapeutic implications (see “Subclinical PNH”).

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