Purified CD4⁺ T cells from 2 individuals were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads, in the presence of AT-2 HIV (AT-2—exposed T cells) or in the absence of AT-2 HIV (untreated), as described in Figure 1. After several washes, T cells were cultured with autologous DCs in the absence or presence of graded doses of rCD154 (0.5-5 μg/mL). Production of IL-12 p40 and IL-10 (expressed in pg/mL) was analyzed as described in the legend of Figure 1.