Antiphospholipid syndrome

• “Primary” – in the absence of SLE

• “Secondary” – in patients with SLE

aPL antibodies stimulated by infection

• No known association with thrombosis (e.g., syphilis, Lyme disease, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus)

• Possible association with thrombosis (e.g., varicella, HIV, hepatitis C)

Drug-induced aPL antibodies (e.g. chlorpromazine and other phenothiazines)

aPL antibodies prevalent in the general population