Table 1. Therapeutic interventions that... | American Society of Hematology

Table 1.

Therapeutic interventions that might improve vasculopathy.

Intervention	Mechanism	Evidence
Sildenafil	↑ NO generation  ↓ Platelet activation	Human clinical trials⁴⁶^,⁷⁴  Case reports⁷⁵^,⁷⁶
Transfusion	↓ Hemolysis  ↓ Inflammation	Human clinical trials⁶⁹^,⁷⁷^,⁷⁸
Arginine	↑ NO generation  ↓ Hemolysis  ↓ Platelet activation  ↓ Oxidative stress	Human clinical trials³⁶^,³⁸^,⁷⁹^,^–⁸¹  Sickle cell mouse studies³⁷^,³⁹^,⁸²
Glutamine	↓ Hemolysis  ↓ Oxidative stress	Human clinical trials⁸³  Endothelial culture experiments³⁵
Statins	↓ Oxidative stress  ↑ NO generation	Sickle cell mouse studies⁸⁴
Niacin	↑ ApoA-1  ↑ HDL	Human clinical trials⁸⁵
ApoA-1 mimetic (L-4F)	↓ Inflammation	Sickle cell mouse studies⁵⁰
Hydroxyurea	↑ NO generation  ↓ Hemolysis 2°  ↑ Fetal Hb	Human clinical trials⁸⁶  Endothelial culture experiments⁸⁷

Intervention	Mechanism	Evidence
Sildenafil	↑ NO generation  ↓ Platelet activation	Human clinical trials⁴⁶^,⁷⁴  Case reports⁷⁵^,⁷⁶
Transfusion	↓ Hemolysis  ↓ Inflammation	Human clinical trials⁶⁹^,⁷⁷^,⁷⁸
Arginine	↑ NO generation  ↓ Hemolysis  ↓ Platelet activation  ↓ Oxidative stress	Human clinical trials³⁶^,³⁸^,⁷⁹^,^–⁸¹  Sickle cell mouse studies³⁷^,³⁹^,⁸²
Glutamine	↓ Hemolysis  ↓ Oxidative stress	Human clinical trials⁸³  Endothelial culture experiments³⁵
Statins	↓ Oxidative stress  ↑ NO generation	Sickle cell mouse studies⁸⁴
Niacin	↑ ApoA-1  ↑ HDL	Human clinical trials⁸⁵
ApoA-1 mimetic (L-4F)	↓ Inflammation	Sickle cell mouse studies⁵⁰
Hydroxyurea	↑ NO generation  ↓ Hemolysis 2°  ↑ Fetal Hb	Human clinical trials⁸⁶  Endothelial culture experiments⁸⁷