Targeted therapies under investigation in childhood ALL
| Therapy . | Mechanism of action . | Target population . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinase inhibitors | |||
| Imatinib/dasatinib | Inhibition of constitutively activated BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase | Ph+ ALLBCR-ABL1-like ALL with ABL1-class fusions | 7,9,10,18 |
| Ruxolitinib | Janus kinase inhibitor, with selectivity for JAK1 and JAK2 | BCR-ABL1-like ALL with selected lesions (see the text) | 18,21 |
| Immunotherapy | |||
| Rituximab | Anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody | B-ALL (with or without high CD20 expression) | 24,25 |
| Epratuzumab | Anti-CD22 humanized monoclonal antibody | B-ALL expressing CD22 | 28 |
| Inotuzumab | Anti-CD22 humanized monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin | B-ALL expressing CD22 | 30,33 |
| Blinatumomab | Bispecific T-cell–engaging antibody targeting CD19 | B-ALL expressing CD19 | 35,-37 |
| CAR T cells | Autologous T cells genetically engineered to target CD19 or CD22 | B-ALL expressing target antigen | 40,41,43,-45 |
| Therapy . | Mechanism of action . | Target population . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinase inhibitors | |||
| Imatinib/dasatinib | Inhibition of constitutively activated BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase | Ph+ ALLBCR-ABL1-like ALL with ABL1-class fusions | 7,9,10,18 |
| Ruxolitinib | Janus kinase inhibitor, with selectivity for JAK1 and JAK2 | BCR-ABL1-like ALL with selected lesions (see the text) | 18,21 |
| Immunotherapy | |||
| Rituximab | Anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody | B-ALL (with or without high CD20 expression) | 24,25 |
| Epratuzumab | Anti-CD22 humanized monoclonal antibody | B-ALL expressing CD22 | 28 |
| Inotuzumab | Anti-CD22 humanized monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin | B-ALL expressing CD22 | 30,33 |
| Blinatumomab | Bispecific T-cell–engaging antibody targeting CD19 | B-ALL expressing CD19 | 35,-37 |
| CAR T cells | Autologous T cells genetically engineered to target CD19 or CD22 | B-ALL expressing target antigen | 40,41,43,-45 |