The association of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among farmers with chemical classes of insecticides according to t(14;18) status
. | . | t(14;18)-positive NHL vs control subjects . | . | t(14;18)-negative NHL vs control subjects . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insecticide use . | Control subjects . | Case subjects . | OR (95% CI)* . | Case subjects . | OR (95% CI)* . | P for difference† . | ||
| Never used pesticides | 229 | 5 | 1.0 (referent) | 23 | 1.0 (referent) | — | ||
| Organochlorines | ||||||||
| No‡ | 190 | 6 | 1.1 (0.3-3.9) | 11 | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) | .4 | ||
| Yes | 164 | 17 | 3.8 (1.3-10.9) | 18 | 1.2 (0.6-2.4) | .06 | ||
| Carbamates | ||||||||
| No‡ | 251 | 12 | 1.8 (0.6-5.4) | 18 | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) | .2 | ||
| Yes | 73 | 11 | 5.1 (1.6-16.0) | 8 | 1.1 (0.5-2.8) | .04 | ||
| Organophosphates | ||||||||
| No‡ | 209 | 7 | 1.2 (0.4-4.2) | 12 | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) | .3 | ||
| Yes | 128 | 17 | 4.6 (1.6-13.2) | 15 | 1.2 (0.6-2.5) | .04 | ||
| Pyrethroids | ||||||||
| No‡ | 269 | 14 | 1.9 (0.7-5.6) | 23 | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | .2 | ||
| Yes | 55 | 8 | 4.9 (1.5-16.6) | 3 | NR§ | NA | ||
. | . | t(14;18)-positive NHL vs control subjects . | . | t(14;18)-negative NHL vs control subjects . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insecticide use . | Control subjects . | Case subjects . | OR (95% CI)* . | Case subjects . | OR (95% CI)* . | P for difference† . | ||
| Never used pesticides | 229 | 5 | 1.0 (referent) | 23 | 1.0 (referent) | — | ||
| Organochlorines | ||||||||
| No‡ | 190 | 6 | 1.1 (0.3-3.9) | 11 | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) | .4 | ||
| Yes | 164 | 17 | 3.8 (1.3-10.9) | 18 | 1.2 (0.6-2.4) | .06 | ||
| Carbamates | ||||||||
| No‡ | 251 | 12 | 1.8 (0.6-5.4) | 18 | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) | .2 | ||
| Yes | 73 | 11 | 5.1 (1.6-16.0) | 8 | 1.1 (0.5-2.8) | .04 | ||
| Organophosphates | ||||||||
| No‡ | 209 | 7 | 1.2 (0.4-4.2) | 12 | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) | .3 | ||
| Yes | 128 | 17 | 4.6 (1.6-13.2) | 15 | 1.2 (0.6-2.5) | .04 | ||
| Pyrethroids | ||||||||
| No‡ | 269 | 14 | 1.9 (0.7-5.6) | 23 | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | .2 | ||
| Yes | 55 | 8 | 4.9 (1.5-16.6) | 3 | NR§ | NA | ||
NR indicates not reported; NA, not applicable.
Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age (4 levels), sex, type of respondent (direct or proxy interview), and family history of cancer (yes or no).
P for difference was computed from polytomous logistic regression by testing the difference of regression coefficients of the usage of pesticides corresponding to t(14;18)-positive versus control subjects and t(14;18)-negative versus control subjects.
Did not use the specific chemical class of insecticides but may still have used other herbicides or chemical classes of insecticides.
Not reported because there were fewer than 4 exposed case subjects.