Table 2

Univariate analysis of baseline and follow-up parameters associated with event-free and overall survival

Univariate
Overall survival
Event-free survival
Variablen/N (%)HR (95% CI)PHR (95% CI)P
Female 109/301 (36) 1.39 (0.71-2.71) .340 1.22 (0.66-2.24) .529 
Age, 65 y or older 83/301 (28) 1.86 (0.94-3.66) .072 1.87 (1.02-3.45) .044 
IgA isotype 72/297 (24) 1.47 (0.70-3.08) .303 1.09 (0.53-2.21) .816 
IgG isotype 172/297 (58) 0.88 (0.45-1.73) .708 1.16 (0.62-2.16) .646 
Light chain only 49/297 (16) 0.63 (0.22-1.79) .387 0.62 (0.25-1.59) .324 
Bone marrow plasma cells higher than 30% 161/267 (60) 1.09 (0.54-2.20) .802 1.38 (0.72-2.63) .328 
Albumin lower than 3.5 g/dL 75/301 (25) 1.93 (0.96-3.89) .067 1.80 (0.95-3.41) .073 
Hb lower than 10 g/dL 92/301 (31) 2.01 (1.03-3.91) .040 2.11 (1.16-3.85) .015 
Creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL or higher 22/301 (7) 3.23 (1.41-7.39) .006 3.01 (1.39-6.48) .005 
LDH of 190 U/L or higher 80/301 (27) 4.07 (2.09-7.94) < .001 3.22 (1.77-5.87) < .001 
B2M of 3.5 mg/L or higher 133/300 (44) 2.54 (1.25-5.13) .010 2.48 (1.32-4.67) .005 
CRP 8 mg/L or higher 99/300 (33) 2.07 (1.06-4.01) .032 2.11 (1.16-3.84) .014 
ISS stage 2, reference stage 1 97/300 (32) 0.51 (0.21-1.23) < .001 0.74 (0.36-1.52) < .001 
ISS stage 3, reference stage 1 63/300 (21) 4.11 (2.09-8.05) < .001 3.40 (1.85-6.24) < .001 
CAs 98/300 (33) 3.44 (1.75-6.78) < .001 2.96 (1.62-5.41) < .001 
Baseline K/L ratio abnormal 279/301 (93) 1.44 (0.35-6.02) .614 1.82 (0.44-7.52) .409 
Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL, top tertile 100/301 (33) 3.66 (1.85-7.28) < .001 3.34 (1.81-6.16) < .001 
Top-tertile % SFLC reduction, day 7* N = 266 0.87 (0.56-1.35) .532 0.98 (0.66-1.45) .915 
Baseline SFLC more than 75 mg/dL, top-tertile % SFLC reduction, day 7* N = 90 0.75 (0.43-1.30) .307 0.85 (0.52-1.39) .508 
Top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before cycle 2* 95/287 (33) 2.97 (1.45-6.06) .003 2.56 (1.36-4.81) .003 
Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL, top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before cycle 2* 31/94 (33) 2.20 (0.91-5.29) .079 1.94 (0.87-4.34) .106 
Top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before transplantation† 92/280 (33) 3.31 (1.59-6.88) .001 2.65 (1.39-5.05) .003 
Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL, top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before transplantation† 30/90 (33) 1.80 (0.73-4.43) .204 1.27 (0.54-2.99) .580 
Serum-M, with serum M of 1 g/dL or higher N = 210 0.95 (0.73-1.24) .698 1.01 (0.81-1.27) .908 
Serum-M higher than median, with serum-M of 1 g/dL or higher 103/210 (49) 0.77 (0.33-1.84) .560 0.95 (0.45-2.03) .899 
Top-tertile % serum-M reduction, day 7* N = 170 1.09 (0.58-2.06) .787 1.27 (0.74-2.20) .390 
Top-tertile % serum-M reduction, before cycle 2* N = 196 0.88 (0.50-1.56) .666 0.90 (0.55-1.48) .690 
Top-tertile % serum-M reduction, before transplantation† N = 198 1.28 (0.73-2.27) .388 1.22 (0.75-2.01) .420 
Urine-M, with urine M of 200 mg or higher/24 h N = 117 1.01 (1.00-1.02) .046 1.01 (1.00-1.01) .227 
Urine-M higher than median, with urine-M of 200 mg/24 h or higher 58/117 (50) 2.30 (0.80-6.64) .122 1.34 (0.56-3.20) .503 
Top-tertile % urine-M reduction, day 7* N = 68 0.54 (0.18-1.59) .260 0.83 (0.39-1.75) .627 
Top-tertile % urine-M reduction, before cycle 2* N = 103 1.06 (0.33-3.45) .923 1.29 (0.46-3.62) .628 
Top-tertile % urine-M reduction, before transplantation† N = 108 0.70 (0.23-2.16) .540 0.85 (0.32-2.29) .755 
Univariate
Overall survival
Event-free survival
Variablen/N (%)HR (95% CI)PHR (95% CI)P
Female 109/301 (36) 1.39 (0.71-2.71) .340 1.22 (0.66-2.24) .529 
Age, 65 y or older 83/301 (28) 1.86 (0.94-3.66) .072 1.87 (1.02-3.45) .044 
IgA isotype 72/297 (24) 1.47 (0.70-3.08) .303 1.09 (0.53-2.21) .816 
IgG isotype 172/297 (58) 0.88 (0.45-1.73) .708 1.16 (0.62-2.16) .646 
Light chain only 49/297 (16) 0.63 (0.22-1.79) .387 0.62 (0.25-1.59) .324 
Bone marrow plasma cells higher than 30% 161/267 (60) 1.09 (0.54-2.20) .802 1.38 (0.72-2.63) .328 
Albumin lower than 3.5 g/dL 75/301 (25) 1.93 (0.96-3.89) .067 1.80 (0.95-3.41) .073 
Hb lower than 10 g/dL 92/301 (31) 2.01 (1.03-3.91) .040 2.11 (1.16-3.85) .015 
Creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL or higher 22/301 (7) 3.23 (1.41-7.39) .006 3.01 (1.39-6.48) .005 
LDH of 190 U/L or higher 80/301 (27) 4.07 (2.09-7.94) < .001 3.22 (1.77-5.87) < .001 
B2M of 3.5 mg/L or higher 133/300 (44) 2.54 (1.25-5.13) .010 2.48 (1.32-4.67) .005 
CRP 8 mg/L or higher 99/300 (33) 2.07 (1.06-4.01) .032 2.11 (1.16-3.84) .014 
ISS stage 2, reference stage 1 97/300 (32) 0.51 (0.21-1.23) < .001 0.74 (0.36-1.52) < .001 
ISS stage 3, reference stage 1 63/300 (21) 4.11 (2.09-8.05) < .001 3.40 (1.85-6.24) < .001 
CAs 98/300 (33) 3.44 (1.75-6.78) < .001 2.96 (1.62-5.41) < .001 
Baseline K/L ratio abnormal 279/301 (93) 1.44 (0.35-6.02) .614 1.82 (0.44-7.52) .409 
Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL, top tertile 100/301 (33) 3.66 (1.85-7.28) < .001 3.34 (1.81-6.16) < .001 
Top-tertile % SFLC reduction, day 7* N = 266 0.87 (0.56-1.35) .532 0.98 (0.66-1.45) .915 
Baseline SFLC more than 75 mg/dL, top-tertile % SFLC reduction, day 7* N = 90 0.75 (0.43-1.30) .307 0.85 (0.52-1.39) .508 
Top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before cycle 2* 95/287 (33) 2.97 (1.45-6.06) .003 2.56 (1.36-4.81) .003 
Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL, top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before cycle 2* 31/94 (33) 2.20 (0.91-5.29) .079 1.94 (0.87-4.34) .106 
Top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before transplantation† 92/280 (33) 3.31 (1.59-6.88) .001 2.65 (1.39-5.05) .003 
Baseline SFLC higher than 75 mg/dL, top-tertile % SFLC reduction, before transplantation† 30/90 (33) 1.80 (0.73-4.43) .204 1.27 (0.54-2.99) .580 
Serum-M, with serum M of 1 g/dL or higher N = 210 0.95 (0.73-1.24) .698 1.01 (0.81-1.27) .908 
Serum-M higher than median, with serum-M of 1 g/dL or higher 103/210 (49) 0.77 (0.33-1.84) .560 0.95 (0.45-2.03) .899 
Top-tertile % serum-M reduction, day 7* N = 170 1.09 (0.58-2.06) .787 1.27 (0.74-2.20) .390 
Top-tertile % serum-M reduction, before cycle 2* N = 196 0.88 (0.50-1.56) .666 0.90 (0.55-1.48) .690 
Top-tertile % serum-M reduction, before transplantation† N = 198 1.28 (0.73-2.27) .388 1.22 (0.75-2.01) .420 
Urine-M, with urine M of 200 mg or higher/24 h N = 117 1.01 (1.00-1.02) .046 1.01 (1.00-1.01) .227 
Urine-M higher than median, with urine-M of 200 mg/24 h or higher 58/117 (50) 2.30 (0.80-6.64) .122 1.34 (0.56-3.20) .503 
Top-tertile % urine-M reduction, day 7* N = 68 0.54 (0.18-1.59) .260 0.83 (0.39-1.75) .627 
Top-tertile % urine-M reduction, before cycle 2* N = 103 1.06 (0.33-3.45) .923 1.29 (0.46-3.62) .628 
Top-tertile % urine-M reduction, before transplantation† N = 108 0.70 (0.23-2.16) .540 0.85 (0.32-2.29) .755 

P value from Wald chi-square test in Cox regression.

HR indicates hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.

*

Overall and event-free survival calculated from induction cycle 2 date.

†

Overall and event-free survival calculated from transplantation 1 date.

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