Personal history of selected autoimmune disorders and pooled relative risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
| Disorder* . | No. of studies . | Prevalence† . | Pooled relative risk . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All NHL: ever/never (%) . | Controls: ever/never (%) . | OR (95% CI)‡ . | Study heterogeneity P§ . | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 12 | 504/11735 (4.3) | 556/15222 (3.7) | 1.06 (0.87-1.29)‖ | <.01 |
| Psoriasis | 7 | 278/7460 (3.7) | 279/10122 (2.8) | 1.16 (0.98-1.38) | .82 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 9 | 125/9775 (1.3) | 138/12148 (1.1) | 1.02 (0.79-1.31) | .84 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 9 | 32/10289 (0.3) | 58/13613 (0.4) | 0.76 (0.49-1.19) | .79 |
| Sarcoidosis | 6 | 19/7607 (0.2) | 27/8856 (0.3) | 0.73 (0.40-1.32) | .70 |
| Pernicious anemia | 5 | 13/3410 (0.4) | 16/5865 (0.3) | 1.08 (0.51-2.30) | .25 |
| Crohn disease | 7 | 23/9230 (0.2) | 27/10614 (0.3) | 0.89 (0.50-1.56) | .74 |
| Celiac disease | 7 | 33/9343 (0.4) | 25/10424 (0.2) | 1.50 (0.89-2.54) | .72 |
| Hemolytic anemia | 5 | 21/3242 (0.6) | 13/5585 (0.2) | 2.57 (1.27-5.21) | .57 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 11 | 57/12034 (0.5) | 26/15237 (0.2) | 2.69 (1.68-4.30) | .39 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 10 | 15/9666 (0.2) | 18/12341 (0.1) | 0.96 (0.48-1.92) | .89 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 8 | 52/8178 (0.6) | 8/10543 (0.1) | 6.56 (3.10-13.9) | .72 |
| Primary Sjögren syndrome | 8 | 23/8176 (0.3) | 5/10543 (0.0) | 4.75 (1.79-12.6) | .93 |
| Secondary Sjögren syndrome | 8 | 29/8178 (0.4) | 3/10542 (0.0) | 9.57 (2.90-31.6) | ND |
| Scleroderma | 7 | 4/7616 (0.1) | 7/10093 (0.1) | 0.69 (0.20-2.40) | .81 |
| Immune thrombocytopenia | 5 | 4/4095 (0.1) | 3/6529 (0.0) | 2.13 (0.47-9.73) | .54 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 6 | 4/6385 (0.1) | 3/7413 (0.0) | 1.45 (0.31-6.82) | .53 |
| Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | 5 | 6/6662 (0.1) | 0/7947 (0.0) | ND | ND |
| Disorder* . | No. of studies . | Prevalence† . | Pooled relative risk . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All NHL: ever/never (%) . | Controls: ever/never (%) . | OR (95% CI)‡ . | Study heterogeneity P§ . | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 12 | 504/11735 (4.3) | 556/15222 (3.7) | 1.06 (0.87-1.29)‖ | <.01 |
| Psoriasis | 7 | 278/7460 (3.7) | 279/10122 (2.8) | 1.16 (0.98-1.38) | .82 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 9 | 125/9775 (1.3) | 138/12148 (1.1) | 1.02 (0.79-1.31) | .84 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 9 | 32/10289 (0.3) | 58/13613 (0.4) | 0.76 (0.49-1.19) | .79 |
| Sarcoidosis | 6 | 19/7607 (0.2) | 27/8856 (0.3) | 0.73 (0.40-1.32) | .70 |
| Pernicious anemia | 5 | 13/3410 (0.4) | 16/5865 (0.3) | 1.08 (0.51-2.30) | .25 |
| Crohn disease | 7 | 23/9230 (0.2) | 27/10614 (0.3) | 0.89 (0.50-1.56) | .74 |
| Celiac disease | 7 | 33/9343 (0.4) | 25/10424 (0.2) | 1.50 (0.89-2.54) | .72 |
| Hemolytic anemia | 5 | 21/3242 (0.6) | 13/5585 (0.2) | 2.57 (1.27-5.21) | .57 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 11 | 57/12034 (0.5) | 26/15237 (0.2) | 2.69 (1.68-4.30) | .39 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 10 | 15/9666 (0.2) | 18/12341 (0.1) | 0.96 (0.48-1.92) | .89 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 8 | 52/8178 (0.6) | 8/10543 (0.1) | 6.56 (3.10-13.9) | .72 |
| Primary Sjögren syndrome | 8 | 23/8176 (0.3) | 5/10543 (0.0) | 4.75 (1.79-12.6) | .93 |
| Secondary Sjögren syndrome | 8 | 29/8178 (0.4) | 3/10542 (0.0) | 9.57 (2.90-31.6) | ND |
| Scleroderma | 7 | 4/7616 (0.1) | 7/10093 (0.1) | 0.69 (0.20-2.40) | .81 |
| Immune thrombocytopenia | 5 | 4/4095 (0.1) | 3/6529 (0.0) | 2.13 (0.47-9.73) | .54 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 6 | 4/6385 (0.1) | 3/7413 (0.0) | 1.45 (0.31-6.82) | .53 |
| Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | 5 | 6/6662 (0.1) | 0/7947 (0.0) | ND | ND |
ND indicates not determined.
Restricted to a history of the autoimmune disorder diagnosed at least 2 years before interview/NHL diagnosis.
Please note that the denominator differs for each AI condition because not all participating studies ascertained history of each AI condition. The exact number of exposed cases and controls contributing from each study are shown in Figures S1 to S13 (including all but the last four disorders listed).
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) computed using a joint fixed-effects model adjusted for age (in 5-year categories), sex, race/ethnicity, education/SES, and study center, with no history of the autoimmune disease in question as reference category.
P value for heterogeneity using a likelihood-ratio test, between studies with at least one exposed case and one exposed control (as shown in Figures S1 to S13).
Results computed using the two-stage random effects model due to statistically significant between-study heterogeneity (P < .01).