Survival by baseline clinical factors
| Factors . | No. of evaluated (% of total) . | No. of deaths (%)* . | MST, y . | Cumulative probability of survival† . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-y survival, % (95% CI) . | 10-y survival, % (95% CI) . | P† . | ||||
| Total | 90 | 63 (70) | 4.1 | 47.2 (36.1-57.5) | 25.4 (15.3-36.8) | |
| Clinical subtype | ||||||
| Smoldering | 25 (28) | 17 (68) | 2.9 | 39.4 (19.8-58.6) | 25.3 (8.2-47.0) | .36 |
| Chronic | 65 (72) | 46 (71) | 5.3 | 50.2 (37.0-62.0) | 26.3 (14.6-39.5) | |
| Patient-related factors (n = 90) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 52 (58) | 34 (65) | 4.3 | 48.1 (33.4-61.3) | 24.9 (11.8-40.5) | .99 |
| Female | 38 (42) | 29 (76) | 4.1 | 46.4 (29.5-61.6) | 26.5 (12.0-43.4) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 60 y or older | 46 (52) | 32 (70) | 3.7 | 45.5 (30.4-59.4) | 29.5 (14.8-45.8) | .18 |
| Younger than 60 y | 44 (48) | 31 (70) | 4.5 | 49.2 (32.9-63.6) | 24.0 (11.2-39.3) | |
| PS | ||||||
| 0 | 22 (24) | 15 (68) | 8.4 | 75.9 (51.4-89.1) | 38.9 (16.8-60.7) | .006 |
| 1 | 49 (54) | 33 (67) | 3.4 | 41.5 (26.9-55.5) | 22.5 (9.7-38.5) | |
| 2 or 3 | 19 (22) | 15 (79) | 1.3 | 27.9 (10.2-49.0) | 13.9 (1.3-41.1) | |
| Complications at diagnosis (n = 90) | ||||||
| Absent | 55 (61) | 37 (67) | 5.7 | 54.1 (39.4-66.7) | 25.4 (12.9-40.1) | |
| Present | 35 (39) | 26 (74) | 3.4 | 36.6 (20.7-52.8) | 28.3 (13.5-45.1) | .06 |
| Malignancies other than ATL | 7 (8) | 6 (86) | 0.8 | 28.6 (4.1-61.2) | 28.6 (4.1-61.2) | |
| Opportunistic infection | 9 (10) | 7 (78) | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 13 (14) | 10 (77) | 4.1 | 38.5 (14.1-62.8) | 25.6 (5.2-53.4) | |
| Autoimmune disease | 6 (7) | 3 (50) | 11.4 | 62.5 (14.2-89.3) | 62.5 (14.2-89.3) | |
| Hematologic factors | ||||||
| WBC count (n = 90) | ||||||
| At least 12.0 × 109/L | 43 (48) | 32 (74) | 3.4 | 43.0 (27.6-57.5) | 22.3 (9.9-37.8) | .24 |
| Less than 12.0 × 109/L | 47 (52) | 31 (66) | 5.3 | 51.0 (35.1-64.8) | 28.5 (13.6-45.2) | |
| Total lymphocyte count (n = 90) | ||||||
| At least 6.5 × 109/L | 45 (50) | 35 (78) | 3.7 | 43.3 (28.2-57.5) | 17.4 (6.8-32.0) | .34 |
| Less than 6.5 × 109/L | 45 (50) | 28 (62) | 5.3 | 51.4 (35.2-65.4) | 36.8 (20.9-52.9) | |
| Neutrophil counts (n = 89) | ||||||
| At least 7.5 × 109/L | 17 (19) | 14 (82) | 2.3 | 29.4 (10.7-51.1) | 14.7 (1.3-42.9) | .05 |
| Less than 7.5 × 109/L | 72 (81) | 48 (67) | 5.3 | 51.0 (38.3-62.4) | 28.4 (16.6-41.3) | |
| Eosinophil count (n = 89) | ||||||
| At least 0.4 × 109/L | 17 (19) | 11 (65) | 4.0 | 34.9 (13.0-58.0) | 23.2 (4.9-49.4) | .47 |
| Less than 0.4 × 109/L | 72 (81) | 51 (71) | 4.5 | 49.2 (36.8-60.5) | 27.4 (16.0-40.1) | |
| Laboratory factors | ||||||
| LDH (n = 90) | ||||||
| Greater than NI | 28 (31) | 23 (82) | 1.5 | 34.8 (17.3-53.0) | 14.9 (3.9-32.7) | .004 |
| Less than or equal to NI | 62 (69) | 40 (65) | 5.4 | 52.9 (39.2-64.8) | 31.8 (18.5-45.9) | |
| BUN (n = 87) | ||||||
| Greater than NI | 5 (6) | 5 (100) | 2.0 | 20.0 (0.8-58.2) | 0 | .18 |
| Less than or equal to NI | 82 (94) | 56 (68) | 4.5 | 48.9 (37.2-59.6) | 28.4 (17.3-40.6) | |
| Albumin (n = 88) | ||||||
| Less than 40.0 g/L | 34 (39) | 22 (65) | 3.4 | 39.9 (22.4-56.8) | 25.6 (8.9-46.4) | .22 |
| At least 40.0 g/L | 54 (61) | 40 (74) | 5.3 | 52.2 (37.9-64.7) | 26.6 (14.3-40.6) | |
| Potential prognostic factors (n = 87)‡ | ||||||
| At least 1 | 47 (55) | 34 (72) | 2.9 | 38.7 (24.1-53.1) | 18.1 (6.5-34.3) | .05 |
| None | 40 (45) | 27 (68) | 5.4 | 56.1 (39.2-70.0) | 35.2 (19.3-51.6) | |
| Tumor lesions (n = 90) | ||||||
| No. of lymph node lesions | ||||||
| 2 or more | 24 (27) | 16 (67) | 2.1 | 37.5 (19.0-56.0) | 30.0 (12.1-50.4) | .09 |
| 0 or 1 | 66 (73) | 47 (71) | 5.3 | 50.9 (37.5-62.8) | 23.6 (12.2-37.2) | |
| No. of extranodal lesions | ||||||
| 3 or more | 18 (20) | 14 (78) | 1.1 | 29.4 (10.7-51.1) | 19.6 (4.2-43.3) | .005 |
| 1 or 2 | 72 (80) | 49 (68) | 5.3 | 51.6 (38.9-62.9) | 26.8 (15.2-39.7) | |
| No. of total involved lesions | ||||||
| 4 or more | 24 (27) | 16 (67) | 1.3 | 34.8 (16.6-53.7) | 26.1 (8.8-47.6) | .03 |
| 2 or 3 | 42 (46) | 30 (71) | 4.5 | 49.5 (32.7-64.3) | 13.1 (3.5-29.1) | |
| 1 | 24 (27) | 17 (71) | 5.4 | 54.5 (32.1-72.4) | 44.1 (22.8-63.5) | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| Received | 12 (13) | 12 (100) | 1.4 | 25.0 (6.0-50.5) | 0 | .01 |
| Not received | 78 (87) | 51 (65) | 5.3 | 50.8 (38.6-61.8) | 31.3 (19.3-44.0) | |
| Factors . | No. of evaluated (% of total) . | No. of deaths (%)* . | MST, y . | Cumulative probability of survival† . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-y survival, % (95% CI) . | 10-y survival, % (95% CI) . | P† . | ||||
| Total | 90 | 63 (70) | 4.1 | 47.2 (36.1-57.5) | 25.4 (15.3-36.8) | |
| Clinical subtype | ||||||
| Smoldering | 25 (28) | 17 (68) | 2.9 | 39.4 (19.8-58.6) | 25.3 (8.2-47.0) | .36 |
| Chronic | 65 (72) | 46 (71) | 5.3 | 50.2 (37.0-62.0) | 26.3 (14.6-39.5) | |
| Patient-related factors (n = 90) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 52 (58) | 34 (65) | 4.3 | 48.1 (33.4-61.3) | 24.9 (11.8-40.5) | .99 |
| Female | 38 (42) | 29 (76) | 4.1 | 46.4 (29.5-61.6) | 26.5 (12.0-43.4) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 60 y or older | 46 (52) | 32 (70) | 3.7 | 45.5 (30.4-59.4) | 29.5 (14.8-45.8) | .18 |
| Younger than 60 y | 44 (48) | 31 (70) | 4.5 | 49.2 (32.9-63.6) | 24.0 (11.2-39.3) | |
| PS | ||||||
| 0 | 22 (24) | 15 (68) | 8.4 | 75.9 (51.4-89.1) | 38.9 (16.8-60.7) | .006 |
| 1 | 49 (54) | 33 (67) | 3.4 | 41.5 (26.9-55.5) | 22.5 (9.7-38.5) | |
| 2 or 3 | 19 (22) | 15 (79) | 1.3 | 27.9 (10.2-49.0) | 13.9 (1.3-41.1) | |
| Complications at diagnosis (n = 90) | ||||||
| Absent | 55 (61) | 37 (67) | 5.7 | 54.1 (39.4-66.7) | 25.4 (12.9-40.1) | |
| Present | 35 (39) | 26 (74) | 3.4 | 36.6 (20.7-52.8) | 28.3 (13.5-45.1) | .06 |
| Malignancies other than ATL | 7 (8) | 6 (86) | 0.8 | 28.6 (4.1-61.2) | 28.6 (4.1-61.2) | |
| Opportunistic infection | 9 (10) | 7 (78) | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 13 (14) | 10 (77) | 4.1 | 38.5 (14.1-62.8) | 25.6 (5.2-53.4) | |
| Autoimmune disease | 6 (7) | 3 (50) | 11.4 | 62.5 (14.2-89.3) | 62.5 (14.2-89.3) | |
| Hematologic factors | ||||||
| WBC count (n = 90) | ||||||
| At least 12.0 × 109/L | 43 (48) | 32 (74) | 3.4 | 43.0 (27.6-57.5) | 22.3 (9.9-37.8) | .24 |
| Less than 12.0 × 109/L | 47 (52) | 31 (66) | 5.3 | 51.0 (35.1-64.8) | 28.5 (13.6-45.2) | |
| Total lymphocyte count (n = 90) | ||||||
| At least 6.5 × 109/L | 45 (50) | 35 (78) | 3.7 | 43.3 (28.2-57.5) | 17.4 (6.8-32.0) | .34 |
| Less than 6.5 × 109/L | 45 (50) | 28 (62) | 5.3 | 51.4 (35.2-65.4) | 36.8 (20.9-52.9) | |
| Neutrophil counts (n = 89) | ||||||
| At least 7.5 × 109/L | 17 (19) | 14 (82) | 2.3 | 29.4 (10.7-51.1) | 14.7 (1.3-42.9) | .05 |
| Less than 7.5 × 109/L | 72 (81) | 48 (67) | 5.3 | 51.0 (38.3-62.4) | 28.4 (16.6-41.3) | |
| Eosinophil count (n = 89) | ||||||
| At least 0.4 × 109/L | 17 (19) | 11 (65) | 4.0 | 34.9 (13.0-58.0) | 23.2 (4.9-49.4) | .47 |
| Less than 0.4 × 109/L | 72 (81) | 51 (71) | 4.5 | 49.2 (36.8-60.5) | 27.4 (16.0-40.1) | |
| Laboratory factors | ||||||
| LDH (n = 90) | ||||||
| Greater than NI | 28 (31) | 23 (82) | 1.5 | 34.8 (17.3-53.0) | 14.9 (3.9-32.7) | .004 |
| Less than or equal to NI | 62 (69) | 40 (65) | 5.4 | 52.9 (39.2-64.8) | 31.8 (18.5-45.9) | |
| BUN (n = 87) | ||||||
| Greater than NI | 5 (6) | 5 (100) | 2.0 | 20.0 (0.8-58.2) | 0 | .18 |
| Less than or equal to NI | 82 (94) | 56 (68) | 4.5 | 48.9 (37.2-59.6) | 28.4 (17.3-40.6) | |
| Albumin (n = 88) | ||||||
| Less than 40.0 g/L | 34 (39) | 22 (65) | 3.4 | 39.9 (22.4-56.8) | 25.6 (8.9-46.4) | .22 |
| At least 40.0 g/L | 54 (61) | 40 (74) | 5.3 | 52.2 (37.9-64.7) | 26.6 (14.3-40.6) | |
| Potential prognostic factors (n = 87)‡ | ||||||
| At least 1 | 47 (55) | 34 (72) | 2.9 | 38.7 (24.1-53.1) | 18.1 (6.5-34.3) | .05 |
| None | 40 (45) | 27 (68) | 5.4 | 56.1 (39.2-70.0) | 35.2 (19.3-51.6) | |
| Tumor lesions (n = 90) | ||||||
| No. of lymph node lesions | ||||||
| 2 or more | 24 (27) | 16 (67) | 2.1 | 37.5 (19.0-56.0) | 30.0 (12.1-50.4) | .09 |
| 0 or 1 | 66 (73) | 47 (71) | 5.3 | 50.9 (37.5-62.8) | 23.6 (12.2-37.2) | |
| No. of extranodal lesions | ||||||
| 3 or more | 18 (20) | 14 (78) | 1.1 | 29.4 (10.7-51.1) | 19.6 (4.2-43.3) | .005 |
| 1 or 2 | 72 (80) | 49 (68) | 5.3 | 51.6 (38.9-62.9) | 26.8 (15.2-39.7) | |
| No. of total involved lesions | ||||||
| 4 or more | 24 (27) | 16 (67) | 1.3 | 34.8 (16.6-53.7) | 26.1 (8.8-47.6) | .03 |
| 2 or 3 | 42 (46) | 30 (71) | 4.5 | 49.5 (32.7-64.3) | 13.1 (3.5-29.1) | |
| 1 | 24 (27) | 17 (71) | 5.4 | 54.5 (32.1-72.4) | 44.1 (22.8-63.5) | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| Received | 12 (13) | 12 (100) | 1.4 | 25.0 (6.0-50.5) | 0 | .01 |
| Not received | 78 (87) | 51 (65) | 5.3 | 50.8 (38.6-61.8) | 31.3 (19.3-44.0) | |
WBC indocates white blood cell count; MST, median survival time (years); and NI, normal index.
Rate of death in evaluated cases.
Cumulative probability of survival rate was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and the P value was calculated with the generalized Wilcoxon test.
PPFs indicate at least 1 of the following 3 factors: low serum albumin, high LDH, or high BUN.13,14