HTLV-1 VL levels by demographic characteristics
| Demographic characteristics . | No. . | Median VL (range) (copies/100 PBMCs) . | Frequency of subjects by VL level, n (% of row) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (VL: < 0.29)‡ . | Quartile 2 (VL: 0.29-1.60) . | Quartile 3 (VL: 1.60-4.54) . | Quartile 4 (VL: ≥ 4.54) . | |||
| Total | 1.60 (0-55.8) | 303 | 306 | 304 | 305 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 426 | 2.10 (0-46.6)* | 84 (19.7) | 100 (23.5) | 93 (21.8) | 149 (35.0) |
| Female | 792 | 1.39 (0-55.8)† | 219 (27.7) | 206 (26.0) | 211 (26.6) | 156 (19.7) |
| Age, y | ||||||
| Younger than 40 | 167 | 1.37 (0-16.4)† | 49 (29.3) | 43 (25.8) | 50 (29.9) | 25 (15.0) |
| 40-49 | 200 | 1.77 (0-41.7)* | 43 (21.5) | 52 (26.0) | 51 (25.5) | 54 (27.0) |
| 50-59 | 273 | 1.84 (0-36.1)* | 64 (23.4) | 64 (23.4) | 63 (23.1) | 82 (30.4) |
| 60-69 | 260 | 1.56 (0-46.6) | 66 (25.4) | 66 (25.4) | 61 (23.5) | 67 (25.8) |
| 70 or older | 318 | 1.52 (0-55.8) | 81 (25.5) | 81 (25.5) | 79 (24.8) | 77 (24.2) |
| First opportunity for HTLV-1 testing | ||||||
| Screening | 661 | 1.46 (0-55.8)† | 182 (27.5) | 160 (24.2) | 175 (26.5) | 144 (21.8) |
| Revelation of HTLV-1–positive family | 134 | 1.45 (0-46.6) | 31 (23.1) | 40 (29.9) | 39 (29.1) | 24 (17.9) |
| During treatment for other diseases | 265 | 1.93 (0-41.7)* | 56 (21.1) | 66 (24.9) | 57 (21.5) | 86 (32.5) |
| Unknown | 158 | 2.08 (0-30.3)* | 34 (21.5) | 40 (25.3) | 33 (20.9) | 51 (32.3) |
| Family history of HTLV-1–related diseases | ||||||
| Absence or carrier/HU/HAU only | 385 | 1.33 (0-32.4)† | 100 (26.0) | 105 (27.2) | 100 (26.0) | 80 (20.8) |
| HAM/TSP | 9 | 3.85 (1.2-9.4)* | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 5 (55.6) | 3 (33.3) |
| ATL | 108 | 2.32 (0-46.6)* | 18 (16.7) | 26 (24.1) | 33 (30.6) | 31 (28.7) |
| Leukemia or lymphoma | 35 | 2.47 (0-12.8)* | 3 (8.6) | 9 (25.7) | 11 (31.4) | 12 (34.3) |
| Unknown family history | 681 | 1.55 (0-55.8) | 182 (26.7) | 165 (24.2) | 155 (22.8) | 179 (26.3) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Absence | 961 | 1.65 (0-55.8)† | 241 (25.1) | 234 (24.4) | 244 (25.4) | 242 (25.2) |
| Infectious diseases | 45 | 2.75 (0-28.6)* | 7 (15.6) | 8 (17.8) | 13 (28.9) | 17 (37.8) |
| Autoimmune diseases | 29 | 1.33 (0-41.7) | 10 (34.5) | 7 (24.1) | 4 (13.8) | 8 (27.6) |
| Malignant diseases | 80 | 1.57 (0-19.4) | 19 (23.8) | 21 (26.3) | 23 (28.8) | 17 (21.3) |
| Skin diseases | 16 | 0.60 (0.07-14.6) | 6 (37.5) | 5 (31.3) | 3 (18.8) | 2 (12.5) |
| Other disease | 87 | 1.17 (0-22.0) | 20 (23.0) | 31 (35.6) | 17 (19.5) | 19 (21.8) |
| Demographic characteristics . | No. . | Median VL (range) (copies/100 PBMCs) . | Frequency of subjects by VL level, n (% of row) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (VL: < 0.29)‡ . | Quartile 2 (VL: 0.29-1.60) . | Quartile 3 (VL: 1.60-4.54) . | Quartile 4 (VL: ≥ 4.54) . | |||
| Total | 1.60 (0-55.8) | 303 | 306 | 304 | 305 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 426 | 2.10 (0-46.6)* | 84 (19.7) | 100 (23.5) | 93 (21.8) | 149 (35.0) |
| Female | 792 | 1.39 (0-55.8)† | 219 (27.7) | 206 (26.0) | 211 (26.6) | 156 (19.7) |
| Age, y | ||||||
| Younger than 40 | 167 | 1.37 (0-16.4)† | 49 (29.3) | 43 (25.8) | 50 (29.9) | 25 (15.0) |
| 40-49 | 200 | 1.77 (0-41.7)* | 43 (21.5) | 52 (26.0) | 51 (25.5) | 54 (27.0) |
| 50-59 | 273 | 1.84 (0-36.1)* | 64 (23.4) | 64 (23.4) | 63 (23.1) | 82 (30.4) |
| 60-69 | 260 | 1.56 (0-46.6) | 66 (25.4) | 66 (25.4) | 61 (23.5) | 67 (25.8) |
| 70 or older | 318 | 1.52 (0-55.8) | 81 (25.5) | 81 (25.5) | 79 (24.8) | 77 (24.2) |
| First opportunity for HTLV-1 testing | ||||||
| Screening | 661 | 1.46 (0-55.8)† | 182 (27.5) | 160 (24.2) | 175 (26.5) | 144 (21.8) |
| Revelation of HTLV-1–positive family | 134 | 1.45 (0-46.6) | 31 (23.1) | 40 (29.9) | 39 (29.1) | 24 (17.9) |
| During treatment for other diseases | 265 | 1.93 (0-41.7)* | 56 (21.1) | 66 (24.9) | 57 (21.5) | 86 (32.5) |
| Unknown | 158 | 2.08 (0-30.3)* | 34 (21.5) | 40 (25.3) | 33 (20.9) | 51 (32.3) |
| Family history of HTLV-1–related diseases | ||||||
| Absence or carrier/HU/HAU only | 385 | 1.33 (0-32.4)† | 100 (26.0) | 105 (27.2) | 100 (26.0) | 80 (20.8) |
| HAM/TSP | 9 | 3.85 (1.2-9.4)* | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 5 (55.6) | 3 (33.3) |
| ATL | 108 | 2.32 (0-46.6)* | 18 (16.7) | 26 (24.1) | 33 (30.6) | 31 (28.7) |
| Leukemia or lymphoma | 35 | 2.47 (0-12.8)* | 3 (8.6) | 9 (25.7) | 11 (31.4) | 12 (34.3) |
| Unknown family history | 681 | 1.55 (0-55.8) | 182 (26.7) | 165 (24.2) | 155 (22.8) | 179 (26.3) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Absence | 961 | 1.65 (0-55.8)† | 241 (25.1) | 234 (24.4) | 244 (25.4) | 242 (25.2) |
| Infectious diseases | 45 | 2.75 (0-28.6)* | 7 (15.6) | 8 (17.8) | 13 (28.9) | 17 (37.8) |
| Autoimmune diseases | 29 | 1.33 (0-41.7) | 10 (34.5) | 7 (24.1) | 4 (13.8) | 8 (27.6) |
| Malignant diseases | 80 | 1.57 (0-19.4) | 19 (23.8) | 21 (26.3) | 23 (28.8) | 17 (21.3) |
| Skin diseases | 16 | 0.60 (0.07-14.6) | 6 (37.5) | 5 (31.3) | 3 (18.8) | 2 (12.5) |
| Other disease | 87 | 1.17 (0-22.0) | 20 (23.0) | 31 (35.6) | 17 (19.5) | 19 (21.8) |
HTLV-1 indicates human T-cell leukemia virus type 1; VL, HTLV-1 proviral load; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HU, HTLV-1 uveitis; HAU, HTLV-1–associated uveitis; HAM, HTLV-1 myelopathy; TSP, tropical spastic paraparesis; and ATL, adult T-cell leukemia.
Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference in the VL level compared with the reference group.
Reference group.
The VL was categorized based on quartile cutoff points (the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the VL distribution) in 1218 HTLV-1 carriers. The unit of VL was copies/100 PBMCs.