| Classic autoinflammatory diseases |
| Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) |
| Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne (PAPA)*† |
| Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) |
| Hyper IgD syndrome (HIDS) |
| Adult and juvenile Still disease |
| Schnitzler syndrome |
| TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) |
| Blau syndrome; Sweet syndrome |
| Deficiency in IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) |
| Probable autoinflammatory diseases |
| Recurrent idiopathic pericarditis |
| Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) |
| Urticarial vasculitis |
| Antisynthetase syndrome |
| Relapsing chondritis |
| Behçet disease |
| Erdheim-Chester syndrome (histiocytosis) |
| Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) |
| Common diseases mediated by IL-1β |
| Rheumatoid arthritis‡ |
| Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) |
| Urate crystal arthritis (gout) |
| Type 2 diabetes |
| Smoldering multiple myeloma |
| Postmyocardial infarction heart failure |
| Osteoarthritis |
| Classic autoinflammatory diseases |
| Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) |
| Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne (PAPA)*† |
| Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) |
| Hyper IgD syndrome (HIDS) |
| Adult and juvenile Still disease |
| Schnitzler syndrome |
| TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) |
| Blau syndrome; Sweet syndrome |
| Deficiency in IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) |
| Probable autoinflammatory diseases |
| Recurrent idiopathic pericarditis |
| Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) |
| Urticarial vasculitis |
| Antisynthetase syndrome |
| Relapsing chondritis |
| Behçet disease |
| Erdheim-Chester syndrome (histiocytosis) |
| Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) |
| Common diseases mediated by IL-1β |
| Rheumatoid arthritis‡ |
| Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) |
| Urate crystal arthritis (gout) |
| Type 2 diabetes |
| Smoldering multiple myeloma |
| Postmyocardial infarction heart failure |
| Osteoarthritis |
Complete list of citations is in supplemental References (available on the Blood Web site; see the Supplemental Materials link at the top of the online article).
Incomplete responses to IL-1β blockade have been reported.
The combination of IL-1 plus TNFα have been used in some disorders.
Rheumatoid arthritis is also treatable with other anticytokines, antireceptors, immunomodulating agents, and B cell–depleting antibodies.