Summary of the largest population studies on short-term cardiovascular effects of ambient air pollution
| First author, year (study acronym) . | Population . | Many findings . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peters, 2001 | Case cross-over study of 772 patients with AMI | A PM2.5 increase of 25 μg/m3 within the 2 hours before the event was associated with a 48% increased risk of AMI | 63 |
| Dominici, 2003 (NMMAPS) | Time-series study included 50 million people from 20 US cities | 0.6% daily increase of cardiorespiratory deaths for each 20-μg/m3PM10 increase | 64 |
| Peters, 2004 (AMIR) | Case cross-over study of 691 patients with AMI | Increased risk of AMI (OR, 2.92) associated with acute exposure to car traffic 1 hour before the event | 65 |
| Biggeri, 2004 (MISA) | Meta-analysis of 9 million people from 15 Italian cities | 0.4% daily increase of cardiovascular deaths for each 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2, of 0.9% for each 1-mg/m3 increase in CO, of 1.1% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in SO2, and of 0.5% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10 | 66 |
| Analitis, 2006 (APHEA-2) | Time-series study of 43 million people from 29 European cities | 1.5% daily increase in cardiovascular deaths for each 20-μg/m3 PM10 increase | 67 |
| Dominici, 2006 | Time-series study of 11.5 million US people aged > 65 years | 1.3% daily increase in the risk of CHF and 1.2% increase in the risk of stroke for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase. | 68 |
| Wellenius, 2006 | Time-series study of 292 918 admissions for CHF in 7 US cities | 0.7% increase in the rate of admission for heart failure for each 10-μg/m3 PM10 increase | 69 |
| Pope, 2006 (IHCS) | Case cross-over study of 12 865 US patients undergoing coronary arteriography | 4.5% daily increase of acute coronary events for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase | 70 |
| Lanki, 2006 (HEAPPS) | 26 854 cases of first AMI in 5 European cities | A positive association with AMI of the same day CO (RR, 1.021) per 0.2 mg/m3 and particle number concentration (RR, 1.058) per 10 000 particles/cm2 | 71 |
| von Klot, 2005 (HEAPPS) | 22 066 AMI survivors in 5 European cities | Rate ratio for cardiac readmissions was 1.021 for each 10-μg/m3 in PM10 increase | 72 |
| Zanobetti, 2006 | 15 578 admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Boston | Significant association between NO (12.7% increase) and PM2.5 (8.6% increase) and the risk of emergency hospitalization for AMI | 73 |
| Wellenius, 2005 | 155 503 ischemic and 19 314 hemorrhagic stroke admissions in people aged ≥ 65 years from 9 US cities | One interquartile range increase in PM10 was associated with a 1.03% daily increase in hospitalization for ischemic stroke | 75 |
| Kettunen, 2007 | 3265 deaths from stroke among people aged ≥ 65 years from Finland | Daily stroke mortality was positively associated with current and previous-day PM2.5 levels | 76 |
| Andersen, 2010 | Case cross-over study of 7485 admissions for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in Denmark | Exposure to ultrafine particles led to a 21% increase in hospitalization for ischemic stroke | 77 |
| Dales, 2010 | Times-series study of a population of 5.4 million residents in Santiago (Chile) | The relative risk of hospitalization for venous thrombosis was 1.05 for a 20-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase | 79 |
| First author, year (study acronym) . | Population . | Many findings . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peters, 2001 | Case cross-over study of 772 patients with AMI | A PM2.5 increase of 25 μg/m3 within the 2 hours before the event was associated with a 48% increased risk of AMI | 63 |
| Dominici, 2003 (NMMAPS) | Time-series study included 50 million people from 20 US cities | 0.6% daily increase of cardiorespiratory deaths for each 20-μg/m3PM10 increase | 64 |
| Peters, 2004 (AMIR) | Case cross-over study of 691 patients with AMI | Increased risk of AMI (OR, 2.92) associated with acute exposure to car traffic 1 hour before the event | 65 |
| Biggeri, 2004 (MISA) | Meta-analysis of 9 million people from 15 Italian cities | 0.4% daily increase of cardiovascular deaths for each 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2, of 0.9% for each 1-mg/m3 increase in CO, of 1.1% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in SO2, and of 0.5% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10 | 66 |
| Analitis, 2006 (APHEA-2) | Time-series study of 43 million people from 29 European cities | 1.5% daily increase in cardiovascular deaths for each 20-μg/m3 PM10 increase | 67 |
| Dominici, 2006 | Time-series study of 11.5 million US people aged > 65 years | 1.3% daily increase in the risk of CHF and 1.2% increase in the risk of stroke for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase. | 68 |
| Wellenius, 2006 | Time-series study of 292 918 admissions for CHF in 7 US cities | 0.7% increase in the rate of admission for heart failure for each 10-μg/m3 PM10 increase | 69 |
| Pope, 2006 (IHCS) | Case cross-over study of 12 865 US patients undergoing coronary arteriography | 4.5% daily increase of acute coronary events for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase | 70 |
| Lanki, 2006 (HEAPPS) | 26 854 cases of first AMI in 5 European cities | A positive association with AMI of the same day CO (RR, 1.021) per 0.2 mg/m3 and particle number concentration (RR, 1.058) per 10 000 particles/cm2 | 71 |
| von Klot, 2005 (HEAPPS) | 22 066 AMI survivors in 5 European cities | Rate ratio for cardiac readmissions was 1.021 for each 10-μg/m3 in PM10 increase | 72 |
| Zanobetti, 2006 | 15 578 admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Boston | Significant association between NO (12.7% increase) and PM2.5 (8.6% increase) and the risk of emergency hospitalization for AMI | 73 |
| Wellenius, 2005 | 155 503 ischemic and 19 314 hemorrhagic stroke admissions in people aged ≥ 65 years from 9 US cities | One interquartile range increase in PM10 was associated with a 1.03% daily increase in hospitalization for ischemic stroke | 75 |
| Kettunen, 2007 | 3265 deaths from stroke among people aged ≥ 65 years from Finland | Daily stroke mortality was positively associated with current and previous-day PM2.5 levels | 76 |
| Andersen, 2010 | Case cross-over study of 7485 admissions for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in Denmark | Exposure to ultrafine particles led to a 21% increase in hospitalization for ischemic stroke | 77 |
| Dales, 2010 | Times-series study of a population of 5.4 million residents in Santiago (Chile) | The relative risk of hospitalization for venous thrombosis was 1.05 for a 20-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase | 79 |
AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; PM, particulate matter; NMMAPS, National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution Study; AMIR, Ausburg Myocardial Infarction Registry; OR, odds ratio; MISA, Meta-analysis of Italian Studies on the short-term effects of air pollution; CHF, congestive heart failure; APHEA, the Air Pollution and Health-European Approach; IHCS, Intermountain Health Collaborative Study; HEAPSS, Health Effects of Air Pollution among Susceptible Subpopulations; and RR, relative risk.