Summary of the largest population studies on long-term cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution
| First author, year (Study) . | Population . | Key findings . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laden, 2006 (HSCS) | Prospective cohort of 8111 persons from 6 US cities followed for 28 years | Increase in cardiovascular death (RR, 1.28) for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase | 83 |
| Pope, 2004 (ACS) | Prospective cohort of 500 000 residents in 150 US cities followed for 16 years | 12% increased risk of cardiovascular deaths and 18% increased risk of coronary artery disease for each 10-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure | 4 |
| Jerrett, 2005 | Prospective cohort of 22 905 residents in the Los Angeles area | 20% and 49% increase in the risk of cardiopulmonary and coronary artery disease deaths for each 10-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure | 85 |
| Toren, 2007 | Prospective cohort of 176 309 PM-exposed construction workers and 71 778 PM-unexposed construction workers | Increased risk of coronary artery disease (RR, 1.13) associated with occupational exposure to particulate air pollution | 86 |
| Hoek, 2002 (NLCS) | 4492 Dutch participants | Increased risk of cardiopulmonary mortality (RR, 1.95) associated with living near a main traffic road | 87 |
| Miller, 2007 | Prospective cohort of 65 893 postmenopausal women in 36 US cities followed for 6 years | 24% and 76% increase in the risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality for each 10-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure | 88 |
| Maheswaran, 2010 | Retrospective cohort study of 3320 patients with stroke residing in south London between 1995 and 2005 | Each 10-μg/m3 PM10 increase was associated with a 52% increase in mortality after stroke | 89 |
| Kunzli, 2005 | Measurement of carotid intima media thickness in 798 resident in Los Angeles | Each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase was associated with a 5.9% increase of carotid intima media thickness | 90 |
| Hoffmann, 2007 (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study) | 4494 German study participants | Compared with participants living > 200 m away from a main road, participants living within 50, 51-100, and 101-200 m had ORs of 1.63, 1.34, and 1.08, respectively, for a high coronary artery calcium content | 92 |
| Baccarelli, 2008 | 870 patients with DVT and 1210 controls in Northern Italy | Each 10-μg/m3 PM10 increase was associated with a 70% increase in the risk of venous thrombosis | 93 |
| Baccarelli, 2009 | 663 patients with DVT and 859 controls in Northern Italy | Risk of venous thrombosis was increased (OR, 1.47) for subjects living near a main traffic road | 94 |
| First author, year (Study) . | Population . | Key findings . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laden, 2006 (HSCS) | Prospective cohort of 8111 persons from 6 US cities followed for 28 years | Increase in cardiovascular death (RR, 1.28) for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase | 83 |
| Pope, 2004 (ACS) | Prospective cohort of 500 000 residents in 150 US cities followed for 16 years | 12% increased risk of cardiovascular deaths and 18% increased risk of coronary artery disease for each 10-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure | 4 |
| Jerrett, 2005 | Prospective cohort of 22 905 residents in the Los Angeles area | 20% and 49% increase in the risk of cardiopulmonary and coronary artery disease deaths for each 10-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure | 85 |
| Toren, 2007 | Prospective cohort of 176 309 PM-exposed construction workers and 71 778 PM-unexposed construction workers | Increased risk of coronary artery disease (RR, 1.13) associated with occupational exposure to particulate air pollution | 86 |
| Hoek, 2002 (NLCS) | 4492 Dutch participants | Increased risk of cardiopulmonary mortality (RR, 1.95) associated with living near a main traffic road | 87 |
| Miller, 2007 | Prospective cohort of 65 893 postmenopausal women in 36 US cities followed for 6 years | 24% and 76% increase in the risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality for each 10-μg/m3 increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure | 88 |
| Maheswaran, 2010 | Retrospective cohort study of 3320 patients with stroke residing in south London between 1995 and 2005 | Each 10-μg/m3 PM10 increase was associated with a 52% increase in mortality after stroke | 89 |
| Kunzli, 2005 | Measurement of carotid intima media thickness in 798 resident in Los Angeles | Each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 increase was associated with a 5.9% increase of carotid intima media thickness | 90 |
| Hoffmann, 2007 (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study) | 4494 German study participants | Compared with participants living > 200 m away from a main road, participants living within 50, 51-100, and 101-200 m had ORs of 1.63, 1.34, and 1.08, respectively, for a high coronary artery calcium content | 92 |
| Baccarelli, 2008 | 870 patients with DVT and 1210 controls in Northern Italy | Each 10-μg/m3 PM10 increase was associated with a 70% increase in the risk of venous thrombosis | 93 |
| Baccarelli, 2009 | 663 patients with DVT and 859 controls in Northern Italy | Risk of venous thrombosis was increased (OR, 1.47) for subjects living near a main traffic road | 94 |
HSCS indicates Harvard Six Cities Study; RR, relative risk; PM, particulate matter; ACS, American Cancer Society; NLCS, Netherlands Cohort Study; OR, odds ratio; and DVT, deep vein thrombosis.