Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic . | VDCR n = 48 . | VDR n = 42 . | VDC n = 33 . | VDC-mod n = 17 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (range), y | 61.5 (41-81) | 60 (42-75) | 62 (40-75) | 63 (40-72) |
| Age over 65 y, n (%) | 15 (31) | 13 (31) | 11 (33) | 5 (29) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 29 (60) | 24 (57) | 19 (58) | 7 (41) |
| Myeloma type, n (%) | ||||
| IgG | 33 (69) | 27 (64) | 22 (67) | 8 (47) |
| IgA | 8 (17) | 9 (21) | 7 (21) | 2 (12) |
| Light chain | 7 (15) | 6 (14) | 3 (9) | 6 (35) |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) | 1 (6) |
| International Staging System stage, n (%) | ||||
| I | 16 (33) | 16 (38) | 11 (33) | 8 (47) |
| II | 22 (46) | 18 (43) | 11 (33) | 6 (35) |
| III | 10 (21) | 8 (19) | 11 (33) | 3 (18) |
| Karnofsky Performance Status, n (%) | ||||
| 50%-60% | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (6) |
| 70%-80% | 14 (29) | 16 (38) | 9 (27) | 7 (41) |
| 90%-100% | 32 (67) | 25 (60) | 23 (70) | 9 (53) |
| Serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL, % | 10 | 5 | 12 | 0 |
| Median bone marrow plasma cell, % (range) | ||||
| Aspirate | 28 (0-95) | 27 (2-90) | 41 (1-93) | 30 (4-75) |
| Biopsy | 33 (0-90) | 40 (1-80) | 47 (2-90) | 38 (13-90) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, > 190 U/L, % | 49 | 44 | 43 | 38 |
| Bone disease present, % (skeletal abnormality) | 72 | 90 | 94 | 94 |
| Eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation, n (%) | 46 (96) | 41 (98) | 31 (94) | 14 (82) |
| High-risk multiple myeloma,*n (%) | 7 (15) | 7 (17) | 7 (23) | 3 (18) |
| Del 13 (metaphase cytogenetics) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | 1 (6) |
| t(4;14) | 3 (6) | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 1 (6) |
| t(14;16) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| −17p13 | 3 (6) | 4 (10) | 5 (16) | 1 (6) |
| Characteristic . | VDCR n = 48 . | VDR n = 42 . | VDC n = 33 . | VDC-mod n = 17 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (range), y | 61.5 (41-81) | 60 (42-75) | 62 (40-75) | 63 (40-72) |
| Age over 65 y, n (%) | 15 (31) | 13 (31) | 11 (33) | 5 (29) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 29 (60) | 24 (57) | 19 (58) | 7 (41) |
| Myeloma type, n (%) | ||||
| IgG | 33 (69) | 27 (64) | 22 (67) | 8 (47) |
| IgA | 8 (17) | 9 (21) | 7 (21) | 2 (12) |
| Light chain | 7 (15) | 6 (14) | 3 (9) | 6 (35) |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) | 1 (6) |
| International Staging System stage, n (%) | ||||
| I | 16 (33) | 16 (38) | 11 (33) | 8 (47) |
| II | 22 (46) | 18 (43) | 11 (33) | 6 (35) |
| III | 10 (21) | 8 (19) | 11 (33) | 3 (18) |
| Karnofsky Performance Status, n (%) | ||||
| 50%-60% | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (6) |
| 70%-80% | 14 (29) | 16 (38) | 9 (27) | 7 (41) |
| 90%-100% | 32 (67) | 25 (60) | 23 (70) | 9 (53) |
| Serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL, % | 10 | 5 | 12 | 0 |
| Median bone marrow plasma cell, % (range) | ||||
| Aspirate | 28 (0-95) | 27 (2-90) | 41 (1-93) | 30 (4-75) |
| Biopsy | 33 (0-90) | 40 (1-80) | 47 (2-90) | 38 (13-90) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, > 190 U/L, % | 49 | 44 | 43 | 38 |
| Bone disease present, % (skeletal abnormality) | 72 | 90 | 94 | 94 |
| Eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation, n (%) | 46 (96) | 41 (98) | 31 (94) | 14 (82) |
| High-risk multiple myeloma,*n (%) | 7 (15) | 7 (17) | 7 (23) | 3 (18) |
| Del 13 (metaphase cytogenetics) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | 1 (6) |
| t(4;14) | 3 (6) | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 1 (6) |
| t(14;16) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| −17p13 | 3 (6) | 4 (10) | 5 (16) | 1 (6) |
V indicates bortezomib; D, dexamethasone; R, lenalidomide; C, cyclophosphamide; and VDC-mod, VDC plus a day 15 dose of C.
High-risk defined as any of the following: del 13/−13q14 or hypodiploidy by conventional metaphase cytogenetics; t(4;14), t(14;16), or −17p13 by conventional metaphase cytogenetics or FISH.