Characteristics of ParaHox genes
| Human gene . | Protein size, kDa . | Homology between man and mouse, %* . | Chromosomal translocation . | Aberrant expression in leukemia . | Transforming potential . | Phenotype of knockout mice . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSH1 | 27 | 98.01 | — | Unknown | Not tested | Phenotypically normal at birth, but 75% of mice die at 4 wks of age; marked growth retardation, infertile, and low WBC count29 |
| GSH2 | 32 | 89.14 | CHIC2-ETV630 | AML (case reports)30 | Transforms NIH 3T3 cells in vitro30 | Born healthy, but death within 24 hours after birth; homozygous mutants have apnea and severe brain alterations31 |
| PDX1 | 30 | 87.99 | — | Unknown | Not tested | Death at 1 dpp; apancreatic32 |
| CDX1 | 28 | 85.28 | — | Not expressed33 | Not tested | Viable and fertile, anterior homeotic transformations; posterior shifts of Hox gene expression in the somitic mesoderm34 |
| CDX2 | 33 | 93.89 | ETV6-CDX235 | AML, ALL, CML in blast crises33,35,36 | Causes AML in mice37 | Peri-implantation embryonic lethality; heterozygous mutants show growth retardation and anterior transformation38 |
| CDX4 | 30 | 82.98 | — | AML39 | Overexpression induces AML in mice39,40 | Viable, only a mild anterior transformation with low penetrance41 |
| Human gene . | Protein size, kDa . | Homology between man and mouse, %* . | Chromosomal translocation . | Aberrant expression in leukemia . | Transforming potential . | Phenotype of knockout mice . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSH1 | 27 | 98.01 | — | Unknown | Not tested | Phenotypically normal at birth, but 75% of mice die at 4 wks of age; marked growth retardation, infertile, and low WBC count29 |
| GSH2 | 32 | 89.14 | CHIC2-ETV630 | AML (case reports)30 | Transforms NIH 3T3 cells in vitro30 | Born healthy, but death within 24 hours after birth; homozygous mutants have apnea and severe brain alterations31 |
| PDX1 | 30 | 87.99 | — | Unknown | Not tested | Death at 1 dpp; apancreatic32 |
| CDX1 | 28 | 85.28 | — | Not expressed33 | Not tested | Viable and fertile, anterior homeotic transformations; posterior shifts of Hox gene expression in the somitic mesoderm34 |
| CDX2 | 33 | 93.89 | ETV6-CDX235 | AML, ALL, CML in blast crises33,35,36 | Causes AML in mice37 | Peri-implantation embryonic lethality; heterozygous mutants show growth retardation and anterior transformation38 |
| CDX4 | 30 | 82.98 | — | AML39 | Overexpression induces AML in mice39,40 | Viable, only a mild anterior transformation with low penetrance41 |
WBC indicates white blood cell; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; and —, not described.
At amino acid level.