Summary of determinants of high-risk myeloma
| Risk factor . | Measurement . | High risk . |
|---|---|---|
| Disease burden | β2M, serum albumin | ISS III (β2M ≥5.5 mg/mL) |
| Tumor biology | Extramedullary disease | PCL plasmacytoma |
| Proliferation | Plasma cell labeling index ≥3% | |
| Genetics | Cytogenetics | del(17p), 1q21 amplification |
| FISH | t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), 1q21 amplification, 1p deletions | |
| ISS/genetics | β2M, serum albumin cytogenetics, FISH | ISS II/III, at least one genetic abnormality |
| Gene expression | Expression microarray | UAMS 70-gene signature, IFM 15-gene signature, proliferation index, EMC-92-gene signature |
| Risk factor . | Measurement . | High risk . |
|---|---|---|
| Disease burden | β2M, serum albumin | ISS III (β2M ≥5.5 mg/mL) |
| Tumor biology | Extramedullary disease | PCL plasmacytoma |
| Proliferation | Plasma cell labeling index ≥3% | |
| Genetics | Cytogenetics | del(17p), 1q21 amplification |
| FISH | t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), 1q21 amplification, 1p deletions | |
| ISS/genetics | β2M, serum albumin cytogenetics, FISH | ISS II/III, at least one genetic abnormality |
| Gene expression | Expression microarray | UAMS 70-gene signature, IFM 15-gene signature, proliferation index, EMC-92-gene signature |
β2M, β2-microglobulin; PCL, plasma cell leukemia.