Potential risk factors for CRT
| Device-related factors . | Patient-related factors . | Treatment-related factors . |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple insertion attempts8 | Malignancy | Ongoing cancer therapy3,22,25 |
| Metastatic > localized9,28 | Radiation therapy to the chest9 | |
| Bolus (vs diluted) chemotherapy infusions10 | ||
| Antiangiogenic agents and platinum therapy29 | ||
| Catheter insertion site (femoral > jugular > subclavian)6,11,17,20,28 | Recent trauma/surgery within 30 d4,11 | Erythrocyte stimulating agents28 |
| Large catheter size to vein diameter ratio3,12 | History of VTE11,20 | Parenteral nutrition13 |
| CVAD subtype (PICC > centrally inserted catheter > implanted port)3,6,20,21 | End-stage renal disease3,11,14 | Surgery25 |
| Catheter infection24 | Critically ill patients21 | |
| Improper catheter position (not at atriocaval junction)20 | Systemic or catheter-related infection4,24 | |
| No. of lumens and catheter size (6 F triple-lumen; >5 F double-lumen; >4 F single-lumen)11,22,28 | Older age19 | |
| CVAD material (polyethylene or polyvinylchloride > silicone or polyurethane)15 | Immobilization within 30 d4 | |
| Previous CVAD6,28 | Inherited thrombophilia16,27,28 |
| Device-related factors . | Patient-related factors . | Treatment-related factors . |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple insertion attempts8 | Malignancy | Ongoing cancer therapy3,22,25 |
| Metastatic > localized9,28 | Radiation therapy to the chest9 | |
| Bolus (vs diluted) chemotherapy infusions10 | ||
| Antiangiogenic agents and platinum therapy29 | ||
| Catheter insertion site (femoral > jugular > subclavian)6,11,17,20,28 | Recent trauma/surgery within 30 d4,11 | Erythrocyte stimulating agents28 |
| Large catheter size to vein diameter ratio3,12 | History of VTE11,20 | Parenteral nutrition13 |
| CVAD subtype (PICC > centrally inserted catheter > implanted port)3,6,20,21 | End-stage renal disease3,11,14 | Surgery25 |
| Catheter infection24 | Critically ill patients21 | |
| Improper catheter position (not at atriocaval junction)20 | Systemic or catheter-related infection4,24 | |
| No. of lumens and catheter size (6 F triple-lumen; >5 F double-lumen; >4 F single-lumen)11,22,28 | Older age19 | |
| CVAD material (polyethylene or polyvinylchloride > silicone or polyurethane)15 | Immobilization within 30 d4 | |
| Previous CVAD6,28 | Inherited thrombophilia16,27,28 |