Logistic Regression Models of Associations of Incident Anemia in HIV-Infected Persons
| Variable . | Non–Drug-Related Anemia n = 1,728 . | Drug-Related Anemia n = 494 . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Odds Ratio . | 99% Confidence Interval . | Adjusted Odds Ratio . | 99% Confidence Interval . | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 2.0 | 1.6-2.7 | 1.1 | 0.6-1.9 |
| Age | ||||
| <45 yrs | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥45 yrs | 1.1 | 0.9-1.4 | 1.3 | 0.9-1.9 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 1.6 | 1.4-1.9 | 0.9 | 0.6-1.2 |
| Hispanic | 1.0 | 0.7-1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8-1.7 |
| Other* | 0.7 | 0.3-1.5 | 0.7 | 0.2-2.2 |
| HIV exposure mode | ||||
| Male-male sex | Reference | Reference | ||
| Injecting drug use† | 1.1 | 0.9-1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.1 |
| Heterosexual sex | 1.0 | 0.7-1.4 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.6 |
| Hemophilia/transfusion recipient | 1.3 | 0.8-2.1 | 0.5 | 0.2-1.7 |
| No identified risk | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.4 |
| Stage of disease‡ | ||||
| No AIDS-OI§ | Reference | Reference | ||
| Any AIDS-OI | 4.5 | 3.7-5.5 | 3.7 | 2.6-5.1 |
| CD4 count ≥200 | Reference | Reference | ||
| CD4 count <200 | 5.0 | 4.0-6.2 | 3.4 | 2.3-4.9 |
| Concurrent illnesses‡ | ||||
| Bacterial septicemia | 6.0 | 3.7-9.9 | 3.3 | 1.6-6.9 |
| Neutropenia∥ | 1.8 | 1.5-2.2 | 2.4 | 1.8-3.2 |
| Thrombocytopenia¶ | 3.0 | 2.1-4.3 | 5.4 | 3.4-8.3 |
| Lymphoma | 13.5 | 1.5-125.5 | 8.6 | 0.3-269.8 |
| Mycobacterium aviumcomplex | 1.2 | 0.7-2.0 | 1.2 | 0.5-2.6 |
| Chemotherapeutic agents# | ||||
| Zidovudine | 0.7 | 0.6-0.8 | 1.5 | 1.1-2.0 |
| Didanosine | 1.0 | 0.8-1.3 | 1.3 | 0.8-1.9 |
| Dideoxycytidine | 1.2 | 0.8-1.6 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.4 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 0.7 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4-0.7 |
| Ganciclovir | 1.7 | 1.1-2.6 | 1.9 | 1.0-3.5** |
| Fluconazole | 1.2 | 1.0-1.5** | 1.4 | 1.1-2.0 |
| Variable . | Non–Drug-Related Anemia n = 1,728 . | Drug-Related Anemia n = 494 . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Odds Ratio . | 99% Confidence Interval . | Adjusted Odds Ratio . | 99% Confidence Interval . | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 2.0 | 1.6-2.7 | 1.1 | 0.6-1.9 |
| Age | ||||
| <45 yrs | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥45 yrs | 1.1 | 0.9-1.4 | 1.3 | 0.9-1.9 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 1.6 | 1.4-1.9 | 0.9 | 0.6-1.2 |
| Hispanic | 1.0 | 0.7-1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8-1.7 |
| Other* | 0.7 | 0.3-1.5 | 0.7 | 0.2-2.2 |
| HIV exposure mode | ||||
| Male-male sex | Reference | Reference | ||
| Injecting drug use† | 1.1 | 0.9-1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.1 |
| Heterosexual sex | 1.0 | 0.7-1.4 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.6 |
| Hemophilia/transfusion recipient | 1.3 | 0.8-2.1 | 0.5 | 0.2-1.7 |
| No identified risk | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.4 |
| Stage of disease‡ | ||||
| No AIDS-OI§ | Reference | Reference | ||
| Any AIDS-OI | 4.5 | 3.7-5.5 | 3.7 | 2.6-5.1 |
| CD4 count ≥200 | Reference | Reference | ||
| CD4 count <200 | 5.0 | 4.0-6.2 | 3.4 | 2.3-4.9 |
| Concurrent illnesses‡ | ||||
| Bacterial septicemia | 6.0 | 3.7-9.9 | 3.3 | 1.6-6.9 |
| Neutropenia∥ | 1.8 | 1.5-2.2 | 2.4 | 1.8-3.2 |
| Thrombocytopenia¶ | 3.0 | 2.1-4.3 | 5.4 | 3.4-8.3 |
| Lymphoma | 13.5 | 1.5-125.5 | 8.6 | 0.3-269.8 |
| Mycobacterium aviumcomplex | 1.2 | 0.7-2.0 | 1.2 | 0.5-2.6 |
| Chemotherapeutic agents# | ||||
| Zidovudine | 0.7 | 0.6-0.8 | 1.5 | 1.1-2.0 |
| Didanosine | 1.0 | 0.8-1.3 | 1.3 | 0.8-1.9 |
| Dideoxycytidine | 1.2 | 0.8-1.6 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.4 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 0.7 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4-0.7 |
| Ganciclovir | 1.7 | 1.1-2.6 | 1.9 | 1.0-3.5** |
| Fluconazole | 1.2 | 1.0-1.5** | 1.4 | 1.1-2.0 |
Incident anemia is defined as a hemoglobin concentration of <10 g/dL or discharge diagnosis of anemia during the second and third semesters of follow-up.
Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaskan Native.
Among heterosexuals and men who have sex with men.
At any time during the semester in which anemia occurred.
AIDS-defining opportunistic illness.
∥White blood cell count less than 2,500/μL at any time during the semester in which anemia occurred.
¶Platelet count <50,000/μL or physician diagnosis in medical record at any time during the semester in which anemia occurred.
#During the 6 months before the semester of incidence.
99% confidence interval excludes 1.0 but lower bound is rounded to 1.0.