Peptide- or protein-based vaccines, without exogenous antigen-presenting cell
| Disease . | Peptide/protein . | N . | Immune response . | Clinical response . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AML/MDS | WT1 | 51 reviews of data from 9 clinical trials | 2.4-fold expansion of WT1-specific T cells. Immune response analyzed from 4 trials (n = 23) in which WT1-specific expansion was assessed without ex vivo stimulation. | In each of 9 clinical trials, clinical responses were observed, including a patient who remained in CR for >8 y in 1 study. | 24 |
| AML/ MDS | WT1 | 16 | Significant expansion of WT1 tetramer-positive CD8 T cells was not observed. | 1 of 2 MDS patients demonstrated decrease in transfusion requirement and a transient reduction in blasts. | 36 |
| Median time to recurrence in 14 AML patients was 244 d. | |||||
| AML/MDS CML | PR1 | 66 | Doubling of PR1 tetramer-positive T cells in 53% of patients | 24% clinical response (8 patients CR; 1 patient PR; 3 patients demonstrated hematologic improvement) | 37 |
| Multiple myeloma | Idiotype DNA vaccine linked to FrC of tetanus toxoid | 15 | 71% immune response to FrC | Median TTP 38 mo | 18 |
| 29% immune response to idiotype | OS 64% after median follow-up of 85.6 mo | ||||
| Multiple myeloma | Peptides derived from Bcl-2 family proteins with montanide | 7 | Immune response noted in all 6 patients who received more than two vaccines | No disease regression | 43 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype MyVax, randomized trial | 287 patients | Anti-idiotype immune response was associated with longer PFS | Median PFS 19.1 mo, not a statistically significant difference from control group | 40 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype vaccine Favrille study, randomized trial | 349 patients | Immune response was not assessed | Median TTP was 9 mo in vaccine arm vs 12.6 mo in control (P = .019). The shorter TTP in the vaccine arm was speculated to relate to differences in FLIPI scores. | 41 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype Biovaxid | 234 patients | Immune response was not reported | Median DFS was significantly higher in vaccinated patients (44.2 mo) compared with control (30.6 mo; P = .05) | 42 |
| Disease . | Peptide/protein . | N . | Immune response . | Clinical response . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AML/MDS | WT1 | 51 reviews of data from 9 clinical trials | 2.4-fold expansion of WT1-specific T cells. Immune response analyzed from 4 trials (n = 23) in which WT1-specific expansion was assessed without ex vivo stimulation. | In each of 9 clinical trials, clinical responses were observed, including a patient who remained in CR for >8 y in 1 study. | 24 |
| AML/ MDS | WT1 | 16 | Significant expansion of WT1 tetramer-positive CD8 T cells was not observed. | 1 of 2 MDS patients demonstrated decrease in transfusion requirement and a transient reduction in blasts. | 36 |
| Median time to recurrence in 14 AML patients was 244 d. | |||||
| AML/MDS CML | PR1 | 66 | Doubling of PR1 tetramer-positive T cells in 53% of patients | 24% clinical response (8 patients CR; 1 patient PR; 3 patients demonstrated hematologic improvement) | 37 |
| Multiple myeloma | Idiotype DNA vaccine linked to FrC of tetanus toxoid | 15 | 71% immune response to FrC | Median TTP 38 mo | 18 |
| 29% immune response to idiotype | OS 64% after median follow-up of 85.6 mo | ||||
| Multiple myeloma | Peptides derived from Bcl-2 family proteins with montanide | 7 | Immune response noted in all 6 patients who received more than two vaccines | No disease regression | 43 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype MyVax, randomized trial | 287 patients | Anti-idiotype immune response was associated with longer PFS | Median PFS 19.1 mo, not a statistically significant difference from control group | 40 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype vaccine Favrille study, randomized trial | 349 patients | Immune response was not assessed | Median TTP was 9 mo in vaccine arm vs 12.6 mo in control (P = .019). The shorter TTP in the vaccine arm was speculated to relate to differences in FLIPI scores. | 41 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype Biovaxid | 234 patients | Immune response was not reported | Median DFS was significantly higher in vaccinated patients (44.2 mo) compared with control (30.6 mo; P = .05) | 42 |
CR, complete response; DFS, disease-free survival; FLIPI, follicular lymphoma international prognostic index; FrC, fragment C; OS, overall survival; PR, prognostic index; TTP, time to progression.