Vaccine generated by loading tumor antigen onto antigen-presenting cells ex vivo
| Disease . | Peptide/protein or whole cell as antigen source . | N . | Immune response . | Clinical response . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myeloma | Idiotype-loaded antigen-presenting cells (Mylovenge) following autologous transplantation | 27 patients vaccinated; compared with historical control group of 124 patients | Not assessed | Median PFS 1.5 y both arms.Median OS vaccine group: 5.3 y vs 3.4 y in controls.P = .02 | 59 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype-pulsed DC | 10 patients with active disease | T-cell response in 8/10 patients | 4/10 patients demonstrate response, including 2 CR | 60 |
| 25 patients in remission after chemotherapy | 23 evaluable patients, T-cell or humoral anti-Id response in 65% | 70% remained without disease progression at 43 mo after completion of chemotherapy | |||
| AML | DC electroporated with WT1 mRNA | 30 AML patients, in remission after chemotherapy | At least a 1.5-fold increase in WT1 tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells in 6 of 12 evaluable patients | Clinical response rate 43% | 61 |
| AML | DCs pulsed with hTERT | 24 AML patients, in remission | T-cell responses targeting t-HERT were observed in 58% of patients | 58% of patients remained in remission with a median follow-up of 52 mo | 62 |
| Myeloma | Whole cell DC/myeloma fusion | 17 patients | Vaccination resulted in the expansion of circulating CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes reactive with autologous myeloma cells in 11/15 evaluable patients | Disease stabilization in 66% of patients | 66 |
| AML | Whole cell DC/AML fusion | 17 patients, vaccinated in CR1 | Durable expansion of leukemia-reactive T cells in the blood and bone marrow | 71% of patients alive with median follow up of 57 mo | 67 |
| Myeloma | Whole cell DC/myeloma fusion | 36 patients vaccinated | All evaluable patients had at least a twofold expansion of myeloma-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells | 31% achieved a CR/nCR in the early posttransplant period, whereas an additional 17% achieved CR/nCR only after day 100 posttransplant after undergoing vaccination | 69 |
| Disease . | Peptide/protein or whole cell as antigen source . | N . | Immune response . | Clinical response . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myeloma | Idiotype-loaded antigen-presenting cells (Mylovenge) following autologous transplantation | 27 patients vaccinated; compared with historical control group of 124 patients | Not assessed | Median PFS 1.5 y both arms.Median OS vaccine group: 5.3 y vs 3.4 y in controls.P = .02 | 59 |
| Follicular lymphoma | Idiotype-pulsed DC | 10 patients with active disease | T-cell response in 8/10 patients | 4/10 patients demonstrate response, including 2 CR | 60 |
| 25 patients in remission after chemotherapy | 23 evaluable patients, T-cell or humoral anti-Id response in 65% | 70% remained without disease progression at 43 mo after completion of chemotherapy | |||
| AML | DC electroporated with WT1 mRNA | 30 AML patients, in remission after chemotherapy | At least a 1.5-fold increase in WT1 tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells in 6 of 12 evaluable patients | Clinical response rate 43% | 61 |
| AML | DCs pulsed with hTERT | 24 AML patients, in remission | T-cell responses targeting t-HERT were observed in 58% of patients | 58% of patients remained in remission with a median follow-up of 52 mo | 62 |
| Myeloma | Whole cell DC/myeloma fusion | 17 patients | Vaccination resulted in the expansion of circulating CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes reactive with autologous myeloma cells in 11/15 evaluable patients | Disease stabilization in 66% of patients | 66 |
| AML | Whole cell DC/AML fusion | 17 patients, vaccinated in CR1 | Durable expansion of leukemia-reactive T cells in the blood and bone marrow | 71% of patients alive with median follow up of 57 mo | 67 |
| Myeloma | Whole cell DC/myeloma fusion | 36 patients vaccinated | All evaluable patients had at least a twofold expansion of myeloma-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells | 31% achieved a CR/nCR in the early posttransplant period, whereas an additional 17% achieved CR/nCR only after day 100 posttransplant after undergoing vaccination | 69 |
hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase; Id, idiotype; nCR, near complete response; t-HERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase. Other abbreviations are explained in Table 1.