Association of WHO-defined anemia with mortality and mobility disability stratified by race and sex
| . | No. of participants . | No. of events . | No. of events per 1000 person-years . | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) . | Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | |||||
| Black women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 463 | 83 | 35.7 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 124 | 28 | 48.0 | 1.39 (0.91-2.14) | 1.17 (0.72-1.89) |
| White women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 693 | 85 | 23.8 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 52 | 17 | 67.4 | 2.86 (1.6-4.82) | 2.68 (1.52-4.69) |
| Black men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 311 | 89 | 60.8 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 105 | 35 | 72.0 | 1.15 (0.77-1.72) | 0.88 (0.56-1.38) |
| White men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 713 | 127 | 36.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 113 | 38 | 72.8 | 1.96 (1.35-2.83) | 1.62 (1.08-2.44) |
| Mobility disability | |||||
| Black women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 397 | 79 | 57.4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 100 | 18 | 54.3 | 0.93 (0.56-1.55) | 1.00 (0.58-1.72) |
| White women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 641 | 87 | 37.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 44 | 10 | 69.6 | 1.97 (1.02-3.80) | 2.15 (1.05-4.40) |
| Black men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 288 | 46 | 46.5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 93 | 13 | 41.8 | 0.96 (0.52-1.78) | 0.91 (0.45-1.83) |
| White men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 688 | 73 | 29.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 102 | 19 | 55.9 | 1.96 (1.18-3.26) | 1.60 (0.92-2.78) |
| . | No. of participants . | No. of events . | No. of events per 1000 person-years . | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) . | Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | |||||
| Black women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 463 | 83 | 35.7 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 124 | 28 | 48.0 | 1.39 (0.91-2.14) | 1.17 (0.72-1.89) |
| White women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 693 | 85 | 23.8 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 52 | 17 | 67.4 | 2.86 (1.6-4.82) | 2.68 (1.52-4.69) |
| Black men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 311 | 89 | 60.8 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 105 | 35 | 72.0 | 1.15 (0.77-1.72) | 0.88 (0.56-1.38) |
| White men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 713 | 127 | 36.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 113 | 38 | 72.8 | 1.96 (1.35-2.83) | 1.62 (1.08-2.44) |
| Mobility disability | |||||
| Black women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 397 | 79 | 57.4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 100 | 18 | 54.3 | 0.93 (0.56-1.55) | 1.00 (0.58-1.72) |
| White women | |||||
| Nonanemic | 641 | 87 | 37.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 44 | 10 | 69.6 | 1.97 (1.02-3.80) | 2.15 (1.05-4.40) |
| Black men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 288 | 46 | 46.5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 93 | 13 | 41.8 | 0.96 (0.52-1.78) | 0.91 (0.45-1.83) |
| White men | |||||
| Nonanemic | 688 | 73 | 29.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Anemic | 102 | 19 | 55.9 | 1.96 (1.18-3.26) | 1.60 (0.92-2.78) |
*Models adjusted for age, study site, education, smoking history, BMI, albumin, cystatin C, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, gastrointestinal bleed/ulcer, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, pulmonary disease, and hospitalization within the past 6 months.