NK killing cytotoxicity among MDS patients as compared with healthy controls and by patient characteristics
| . | Total . | NK killing cytotoxicity* . | P (comparison) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean . | SD . | Low†: group A, no. (%) . | Normal: group B, no. (%) . | |||
| Case-control comparison | ||||||
| MDS cases | 48 | 18.71 | 20.53 | 30 (62.5) | 18 (37.5) | — |
| Healthy controls | 37 | 44.41 | 20.73 | 2 (5.4) | 35 (94.6) | < .001 (MDS vs healthy) |
| MDS patient characteristics | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 33 | 19.77 | 22.5 | 19 (57.6) | 14 (42.4) | — |
| Female | 15 | 16.37 | 15.95 | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | .35 (male vs female) |
| Age at BD | ||||||
| Less than 61 y | 9 | 19.54 | 16.41 | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | — |
| 61 y or more | 39 | 18.52 | 21.55 | 25 (64.1) | 14 (35.9) | .71 (<61 vs ≥ 61) |
| MDS subtype | ||||||
| EB: RAEB-1, -2, and AML | 20 | 10.63 | 15.06 | 17 (85.0) | 3 (15.0) | — |
| RA | 9 | 21.98 | 22.54 | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | .16 (RA vs EB) |
| RCMD | 19 | 25.66 | 22.51 | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) | .01 (RCMD vs EB) |
| IPSS risk group at BD‡ | ||||||
| Low | 8 | 17.27 | 15.22 | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | — |
| Intermediate-1 | 23 | 27.21 | 24.21 | 11 (47.8) | 12 (52.2) | — |
| Intermediate-2 | 2 | 4.30 | 6.08 | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| High | 5 | 7.50 | 4.74 | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| AML | 9 | 9.27 | 13.48 | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | .03 (test for trend) |
| Lower: low + intermediate-1 | 31 | 24.64 | 22.43 | 15 (48.4) | 16 (51.6) | — |
| Higher: intermediate-2 + high + AML | 16 | 8.10 | 10.41 | 14 (87.5) | 2 (12.5) | .01 (high vs low) |
| Karyotype at BD§ | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 25.82 | 24.56 | 9 (45.0) | 11 (55.0) | — |
| Abnormal | 26 | 14.12 | 16.15 | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | .05 (abnormal versus normal) |
| Marrow cellularity adjusted for age‖ | ||||||
| Hypocellular | 8 | 19.69 | 23.90 | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | .10 (hypocellular vs normal) |
| Normal | 5 | 30.20 | 19.23 | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | — |
| Hypercellular | 29 | 14.10 | 16.66 | 21 (72.4) | 8 (27.6) | .04 (hypercellular vs normal) |
| . | Total . | NK killing cytotoxicity* . | P (comparison) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean . | SD . | Low†: group A, no. (%) . | Normal: group B, no. (%) . | |||
| Case-control comparison | ||||||
| MDS cases | 48 | 18.71 | 20.53 | 30 (62.5) | 18 (37.5) | — |
| Healthy controls | 37 | 44.41 | 20.73 | 2 (5.4) | 35 (94.6) | < .001 (MDS vs healthy) |
| MDS patient characteristics | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 33 | 19.77 | 22.5 | 19 (57.6) | 14 (42.4) | — |
| Female | 15 | 16.37 | 15.95 | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | .35 (male vs female) |
| Age at BD | ||||||
| Less than 61 y | 9 | 19.54 | 16.41 | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | — |
| 61 y or more | 39 | 18.52 | 21.55 | 25 (64.1) | 14 (35.9) | .71 (<61 vs ≥ 61) |
| MDS subtype | ||||||
| EB: RAEB-1, -2, and AML | 20 | 10.63 | 15.06 | 17 (85.0) | 3 (15.0) | — |
| RA | 9 | 21.98 | 22.54 | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | .16 (RA vs EB) |
| RCMD | 19 | 25.66 | 22.51 | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) | .01 (RCMD vs EB) |
| IPSS risk group at BD‡ | ||||||
| Low | 8 | 17.27 | 15.22 | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | — |
| Intermediate-1 | 23 | 27.21 | 24.21 | 11 (47.8) | 12 (52.2) | — |
| Intermediate-2 | 2 | 4.30 | 6.08 | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| High | 5 | 7.50 | 4.74 | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| AML | 9 | 9.27 | 13.48 | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | .03 (test for trend) |
| Lower: low + intermediate-1 | 31 | 24.64 | 22.43 | 15 (48.4) | 16 (51.6) | — |
| Higher: intermediate-2 + high + AML | 16 | 8.10 | 10.41 | 14 (87.5) | 2 (12.5) | .01 (high vs low) |
| Karyotype at BD§ | ||||||
| Normal | 20 | 25.82 | 24.56 | 9 (45.0) | 11 (55.0) | — |
| Abnormal | 26 | 14.12 | 16.15 | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | .05 (abnormal versus normal) |
| Marrow cellularity adjusted for age‖ | ||||||
| Hypocellular | 8 | 19.69 | 23.90 | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | .10 (hypocellular vs normal) |
| Normal | 5 | 30.20 | 19.23 | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | — |
| Hypercellular | 29 | 14.10 | 16.66 | 21 (72.4) | 8 (27.6) | .04 (hypercellular vs normal) |
BD indicates blood draw; RAEB, refractory anemia with excess blasts; RCMD, refractory cytopenias with multilineage dysplasia.
Defined as percent specific lysis of cytotoxicity of K562 at a 50:1 E/T ratio.
Defined as the lowest 5% among the healthy controls (NK killing cytotoxicity, 13% or below); percentages were calculated as the proportion of patients with a given characteristic that had low versus normal NK killing.
IPSS score not available for 1 case.
Karyotype not available for 2 cases; some cases had more than 1 karyotypic abnormality.
Marrow cellularity not available for 6 cases.