Monocytes were seeded in 96-well cluster plates (2×10⁵ cells/0.2 mL per well). After 7 days, culture medium was removed and replaced with 0.2 mL fresh medium. MDMs were pretreated with D609 (50 μg/mL) or left untreated. After 30 minutes, some cultures were exposed to R5 AT-2–inactivated viruses (17 ng HIVp24^gag/10⁶ cells). After 24 hours of culture, supernatants were harvested and frozen before CCL2 determination. Data are the mean values of duplicate samples. The intersample variability did not exceed 10%.