Concentrations of uPA, suPAR, and the uPA-suPAR complex in culture supernatants of U1 cells and of primary MDMs acutely infected or not infected with HIV-1
| Cell type/ Stimulus/infection . | RT activity, cpm/μL . | suPAR, pM . | uPA, pM . | suPAR/uPA ratio . | suPAR-uPA complex, pM . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U1 | |||||
| Nil | < 100 | 33 ± 0 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 11.38 | 2.9 ± 0.5 |
| PMA | 1657 ± 221† | 49 ± 1‡ | 2.5 ± 1 | 19.6§ | 2.4 ± 0.4 |
| TNF-α | 2021 ± 310† | 34 ± 1 | 4.6 ± 1 | 7.4‖ | 4.5 ± 0.3‖ |
| IL-6 | 2421 ± 212† | 33 ± 1 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 12.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 |
| MDM | |||||
| Control* | NA | 217 ± 102 | 8 ± 2 | 27.2 | 7 ± 1 |
| HIV | 6967 ± 882† | 182 ± 93 | 8 ± 2 | 22.8 | 7 ± 1 |
| Cell type/ Stimulus/infection . | RT activity, cpm/μL . | suPAR, pM . | uPA, pM . | suPAR/uPA ratio . | suPAR-uPA complex, pM . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U1 | |||||
| Nil | < 100 | 33 ± 0 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 11.38 | 2.9 ± 0.5 |
| PMA | 1657 ± 221† | 49 ± 1‡ | 2.5 ± 1 | 19.6§ | 2.4 ± 0.4 |
| TNF-α | 2021 ± 310† | 34 ± 1 | 4.6 ± 1 | 7.4‖ | 4.5 ± 0.3‖ |
| IL-6 | 2421 ± 212† | 33 ± 1 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 12.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 |
| MDM | |||||
| Control* | NA | 217 ± 102 | 8 ± 2 | 27.2 | 7 ± 1 |
| HIV | 6967 ± 882† | 182 ± 93 | 8 ± 2 | 22.8 | 7 ± 1 |
The levels of expression of the analytes were measured 48 hours after stimulation of U1 cells and at the peak of viral replication in MDMs. Because MDMs were seeded at twice the concentration of U1 cells, the results shown have been normalized by dividing by a factor of 2. Results are expressed as mean plus or minus SD of the concentrations determined from 3 independent experiments with U1 cells and from MDM cultures from 5 independent donors (Figure 2).
Significantly higher levels of HIV production were observed in PMA or cytokine-stimulated U1 cells versus unstimulated cells (Nil; †P = .001), as well as in infected versus uninfected MDMs (†P = .001). Furthermore, increased levels of suPAR were observed after U1 cell stimulation with PMA, but not with cytokines (‡P = .001 vs Nil). There were also increases in the suPAR/uPA ratio in PMA and TNF-α–stimulated U1 cells (§P = .0045 and ‖P = .01, respectively) and the suPAR-uPA concentrations in cells stimulated with TNF-α (‖P = .01).
NA indicates not applicable.
Control: uninfected MDM.