Annual health services utilization and select health outcomes by hemoglobin status
| . | Sickle cell trait . | SCA . | Normal hemoglobin . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Select health outcome, n (%) | ||||
| Acute otitis media | 5 546 (12.48) | 125 (12.63) | 25 225 (13.88) | <.0001 |
| Acute respiratory infections | 14 000 (31.50) | 378 (38.18) | 59 566 (32.77) | <.0001 |
| Fever | 6 212 (13.98) | 489 (49.39) | 25 440 (14.00) | <.0001 |
| Invasive pneumococcal disease | 9 (0.02) | 4 (0.40) | 52 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Pneumonia and influenza | 1 445 (3.25) | 201 (20.30) | 6 363 (3.50) | <.0001 |
| Renal complications | 73 (0.16) | 7 (0.71) | 276 (0.15) | <.0001 |
| Spleen problems | 6 (0.01) | 48 (4.85) | 7 (0) | <.0001 |
| Stroke | 169 (0.38) | 47 (4.75) | 750 (0.41) | <.0001 |
| Health service utilization, mean encounters (SD) | ||||
| ED visit | 0.75 (1.23) | 1.05 (1.58) | 0.74 (1.24) | <.0001 |
| Inpatient visit | 0.09 (0.46) | 1.32 (1.93) | 0.09 (0.41) | <.0001 |
| Nonpreventive outpatient visit | 1.76 (2.74) | 6.41 (5.77) | 1.87 (2.89) | <.0001 |
| . | Sickle cell trait . | SCA . | Normal hemoglobin . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Select health outcome, n (%) | ||||
| Acute otitis media | 5 546 (12.48) | 125 (12.63) | 25 225 (13.88) | <.0001 |
| Acute respiratory infections | 14 000 (31.50) | 378 (38.18) | 59 566 (32.77) | <.0001 |
| Fever | 6 212 (13.98) | 489 (49.39) | 25 440 (14.00) | <.0001 |
| Invasive pneumococcal disease | 9 (0.02) | 4 (0.40) | 52 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Pneumonia and influenza | 1 445 (3.25) | 201 (20.30) | 6 363 (3.50) | <.0001 |
| Renal complications | 73 (0.16) | 7 (0.71) | 276 (0.15) | <.0001 |
| Spleen problems | 6 (0.01) | 48 (4.85) | 7 (0) | <.0001 |
| Stroke | 169 (0.38) | 47 (4.75) | 750 (0.41) | <.0001 |
| Health service utilization, mean encounters (SD) | ||||
| ED visit | 0.75 (1.23) | 1.05 (1.58) | 0.74 (1.24) | <.0001 |
| Inpatient visit | 0.09 (0.46) | 1.32 (1.93) | 0.09 (0.41) | <.0001 |
| Nonpreventive outpatient visit | 1.76 (2.74) | 6.41 (5.77) | 1.87 (2.89) | <.0001 |