| Induction in vivo and in vitro |
| Hypoxia |
| Transition metals: Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ 118,192 |
| Iron chelators: desferrioxamine120 |
| Abrogation of induction in Hep3B and HepG2 cells |
| Carbon monoxide91,118 193 |
| Nitric oxide, nitroprusside91 |
| Hydrogen peroxide86 194 |
| Inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, IL-1181 182 |
| Phorbol esters: Forskolin193 195-197 |
| Protein synthesis inhibitors: cycloheximide83 118 |
| Induction in vivo and in vitro |
| Hypoxia |
| Transition metals: Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ 118,192 |
| Iron chelators: desferrioxamine120 |
| Abrogation of induction in Hep3B and HepG2 cells |
| Carbon monoxide91,118 193 |
| Nitric oxide, nitroprusside91 |
| Hydrogen peroxide86 194 |
| Inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, IL-1181 182 |
| Phorbol esters: Forskolin193 195-197 |
| Protein synthesis inhibitors: cycloheximide83 118 |
This list is not comprehensive. Other agents have been shown either to activate or suppress HIF-1 and therefore would be expected to affect Epo gene expression.