Mutated nef alleles and respective effects on CD4/MHC class I down-regulation, based on currently available data
Allele . | Mutation . | Amino acid position . | Affected domain (function) . | CD4* . | MHC-1* . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA-7 | WT | None | None | + | + | Schwartz et al,24 |
| NL4-3 | Mariani and Skowronski27 | |||||
| LAI | ||||||
| LAI | G2A | Gly2 | Myristoylation (membrane anchoring) | +/- | - | Aiken et al28 |
| NL4-3 | WLAA | Trp-Leu57-58 | CD4 binding site, HIV-1 protease cleavage site | - | + | Mangasarian et al29 |
| NL4-3 | E4A | Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu62-63-64-65 | PACS-1 binding site | + | - | Piguet et al30 |
| NA-7 | PPAA | Pro72, Pro75 | Polyproline helix type II (SH3 domain binding surface, interaction with Vav) | + | +/- | Saksela et al,31 |
| LAI | Greenberg et al32 | |||||
| NA-7 | D86A | Asp86 | SH3 binding site | + | + | Greenberg et al,33 |
| Iafrate et al34 | ||||||
| NL4-3 | R106A | Arg106 | PAK2 association | + | +/- | Iafrate et al,34 Sawai et al,35 present study |
| LAI | D123G | Asp123 | Oligomerization | - | - | Liu et al36 |
| NA-7 | LLAA | Leu-Leu164-165 | Clathrin adaptor interaction site | - | + | Greenberg et al,32 |
| LAI | LLGG | Bresnahan et al,37 | ||||
| Craig et al38 | ||||||
| NA-7 | DALLAA | Asp86, Leu-Leu164-165 | SH3 binding site, clathrin adaptor interaction site | - | + | Present study |
| NA-7 | EDAA | Glu-Asp174-175 | Vacuolar ATPase interaction site | - | + | Iafrate et al,34 |
| LAI | DDGA | Asp-Asp 174-175 | Aiken et al39 | |||
| NA-7 | DAEDAA | Asp86, Glu-Asp174, 175 | SH3 binding site, vacuolar ATPase interaction site | - | + | Present study |
Allele . | Mutation . | Amino acid position . | Affected domain (function) . | CD4* . | MHC-1* . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA-7 | WT | None | None | + | + | Schwartz et al,24 |
| NL4-3 | Mariani and Skowronski27 | |||||
| LAI | ||||||
| LAI | G2A | Gly2 | Myristoylation (membrane anchoring) | +/- | - | Aiken et al28 |
| NL4-3 | WLAA | Trp-Leu57-58 | CD4 binding site, HIV-1 protease cleavage site | - | + | Mangasarian et al29 |
| NL4-3 | E4A | Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu62-63-64-65 | PACS-1 binding site | + | - | Piguet et al30 |
| NA-7 | PPAA | Pro72, Pro75 | Polyproline helix type II (SH3 domain binding surface, interaction with Vav) | + | +/- | Saksela et al,31 |
| LAI | Greenberg et al32 | |||||
| NA-7 | D86A | Asp86 | SH3 binding site | + | + | Greenberg et al,33 |
| Iafrate et al34 | ||||||
| NL4-3 | R106A | Arg106 | PAK2 association | + | +/- | Iafrate et al,34 Sawai et al,35 present study |
| LAI | D123G | Asp123 | Oligomerization | - | - | Liu et al36 |
| NA-7 | LLAA | Leu-Leu164-165 | Clathrin adaptor interaction site | - | + | Greenberg et al,32 |
| LAI | LLGG | Bresnahan et al,37 | ||||
| Craig et al38 | ||||||
| NA-7 | DALLAA | Asp86, Leu-Leu164-165 | SH3 binding site, clathrin adaptor interaction site | - | + | Present study |
| NA-7 | EDAA | Glu-Asp174-175 | Vacuolar ATPase interaction site | - | + | Iafrate et al,34 |
| LAI | DDGA | Asp-Asp 174-175 | Aiken et al39 | |||
| NA-7 | DAEDAA | Asp86, Glu-Asp174, 175 | SH3 binding site, vacuolar ATPase interaction site | - | + | Present study |
PACS-1 indicates phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein-1; PAK2, p21-activated kinase 2; ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase.
+ indicates down-regulation; +/-, partial down-regulation; and -, no down-regulation.