Endogenous stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis.
| . | Angiogenic Molecules . | Native Inhibitors . |
|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PIGF, placental growth factor; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthetase; MMP, matrix metalloproteases | ||
| Growth factors | VEGF (A-D), PIGF | Interferon (IFN)-α,γ |
| Angiogenin | ||
| Angiotropin | ||
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | ||
| Fibroblast growth factor (acidic and basic; FGF) | Prolactin (16 Kd fragment), IFN-α,γ | |
| Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF, SF) | ||
| Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) | ||
| Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) | ||
| Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) | ||
| Proteases and Protease Inhibitors | Cathepsin | Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) |
| Gelatinase-A, -B (MMP2,9) | ||
| Stromelysin | ||
| Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) | Plasminogen activator- inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) | |
| Trace Elements | Copper | Zinc |
| Oncogenes | c-myc | p53 Rb |
| ras | ||
| c-src | ||
| v-raf | ||
| c-jun | ||
| Signal Transduction Enzymes | Thymidine phosphorylase | |
| RAS - arnesyl transferase | ||
| Geranylgeranyltransferase | ||
| Cytokines | Interleukin-1 | Interleukin-10 |
| Interleukin-6 | Interleukin-12 | |
| Interleukin-8 | ||
| Endogenous | αvβ3 integrin | Angionpoietin-2 |
| Angionpoietin-1(Ang-1) | Angiotensin | |
| Antionstatin II (AT1 receptor) | Angiotensin II (AT2 receptor) | |
| Endothelin (ETB receptor) | Caveolin-1, caveolin-2 | |
| Erythropoietin | Endostatin | |
| Hypoxia | Interferon-α | |
| iNOS | Isoflavones | |
| Platelet-activating factor (PAF) | Platelet factor-4 | |
| Prostaglandin E, COX-2 | ||
| Thrombopoietin | Thrombospondin | |
| Troponin-1 | ||
| . | Angiogenic Molecules . | Native Inhibitors . |
|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PIGF, placental growth factor; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthetase; MMP, matrix metalloproteases | ||
| Growth factors | VEGF (A-D), PIGF | Interferon (IFN)-α,γ |
| Angiogenin | ||
| Angiotropin | ||
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | ||
| Fibroblast growth factor (acidic and basic; FGF) | Prolactin (16 Kd fragment), IFN-α,γ | |
| Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF, SF) | ||
| Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) | ||
| Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) | ||
| Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) | ||
| Proteases and Protease Inhibitors | Cathepsin | Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) |
| Gelatinase-A, -B (MMP2,9) | ||
| Stromelysin | ||
| Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) | Plasminogen activator- inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) | |
| Trace Elements | Copper | Zinc |
| Oncogenes | c-myc | p53 Rb |
| ras | ||
| c-src | ||
| v-raf | ||
| c-jun | ||
| Signal Transduction Enzymes | Thymidine phosphorylase | |
| RAS - arnesyl transferase | ||
| Geranylgeranyltransferase | ||
| Cytokines | Interleukin-1 | Interleukin-10 |
| Interleukin-6 | Interleukin-12 | |
| Interleukin-8 | ||
| Endogenous | αvβ3 integrin | Angionpoietin-2 |
| Angionpoietin-1(Ang-1) | Angiotensin | |
| Antionstatin II (AT1 receptor) | Angiotensin II (AT2 receptor) | |
| Endothelin (ETB receptor) | Caveolin-1, caveolin-2 | |
| Erythropoietin | Endostatin | |
| Hypoxia | Interferon-α | |
| iNOS | Isoflavones | |
| Platelet-activating factor (PAF) | Platelet factor-4 | |
| Prostaglandin E, COX-2 | ||
| Thrombopoietin | Thrombospondin | |
| Troponin-1 | ||