Pharmacokinetic and clinical characteristics of three iron chelators.
| . | Deferoxamine . | Deferiprone . | ICL 670 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hexadentate | Bidentate | Tridentate | |
| Molecular weight | 560 | 139 | 373 |
| Iron:chelator complex | 1:1 | 1:3 | 1:2 |
| Plasma clearance, T½ | 20 minutes | 53–166 minutes | 1–16 hours |
| Oral absorption | Negligible | Peak 45 minutes | Peak 1–2.9 hours |
| Iron excretion | Urine + fecal | Urine | Fecal |
| Therapeutic daily dose | 40 mg/kg | 75 mg/kg | 20 mg/kg |
| Route | Parenteral | Oral | Oral |
| Clinical experience | 30 years | 16 years | 1–2 years |
| Side effects | Ototoxicity, retinal toxicity, growth, cartilage | Agranulocytosis, arthropathy, gastrointestinal disturbance, transient transaminitis, zinc deficiency | Skin rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, transient transaminitis |
| . | Deferoxamine . | Deferiprone . | ICL 670 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hexadentate | Bidentate | Tridentate | |
| Molecular weight | 560 | 139 | 373 |
| Iron:chelator complex | 1:1 | 1:3 | 1:2 |
| Plasma clearance, T½ | 20 minutes | 53–166 minutes | 1–16 hours |
| Oral absorption | Negligible | Peak 45 minutes | Peak 1–2.9 hours |
| Iron excretion | Urine + fecal | Urine | Fecal |
| Therapeutic daily dose | 40 mg/kg | 75 mg/kg | 20 mg/kg |
| Route | Parenteral | Oral | Oral |
| Clinical experience | 30 years | 16 years | 1–2 years |
| Side effects | Ototoxicity, retinal toxicity, growth, cartilage | Agranulocytosis, arthropathy, gastrointestinal disturbance, transient transaminitis, zinc deficiency | Skin rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, transient transaminitis |