Global and domain-specific measures to assess cognitive skills in SCD
| Measure . | Age range . | Domains . | Additional considerations . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global measures | |||
| Bayley-III | 0-3.5 y | Cognitive, motor, language, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior | |
| WPPSI-IV | 2 y, 6 mo to 7 y, 7 mo | Working memory, processing speed, fluid reasoning, and visual, spatial, and verbal comprehension | Consider WPPSI cancellation (attention/processing speed) |
| WISC-V | 6-16 y 11 mo | Verbal comprehension, processing speed, visual spatial, working memory, and fluid reasoning | Consider WPPSI cancellation (attention/processing speed) |
| Domain-specific measures | |||
| Trails A and B; Trail Making Test, Part A | 9 y and older | Executive function | D-KEFS tower Wisconsin card sorting |
| Children’s Memory Scale | 5-16 y | Working memory | |
| The Digit Span Test (Forward and Backward) | 16 y and older | Working memory | Part of the WAIS23 |
| NIH Toolbox DCCS Test | 3-85 y | Executive function–cognitive flexibility | Takes 4 min |
| NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test | 3-85 y | Executive function and attention | Takes 3 min |
| NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test | 7-85 y | Processing speed | Takes 3 min |
| Measure . | Age range . | Domains . | Additional considerations . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global measures | |||
| Bayley-III | 0-3.5 y | Cognitive, motor, language, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior | |
| WPPSI-IV | 2 y, 6 mo to 7 y, 7 mo | Working memory, processing speed, fluid reasoning, and visual, spatial, and verbal comprehension | Consider WPPSI cancellation (attention/processing speed) |
| WISC-V | 6-16 y 11 mo | Verbal comprehension, processing speed, visual spatial, working memory, and fluid reasoning | Consider WPPSI cancellation (attention/processing speed) |
| Domain-specific measures | |||
| Trails A and B; Trail Making Test, Part A | 9 y and older | Executive function | D-KEFS tower Wisconsin card sorting |
| Children’s Memory Scale | 5-16 y | Working memory | |
| The Digit Span Test (Forward and Backward) | 16 y and older | Working memory | Part of the WAIS23 |
| NIH Toolbox DCCS Test | 3-85 y | Executive function–cognitive flexibility | Takes 4 min |
| NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test | 3-85 y | Executive function and attention | Takes 3 min |
| NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test | 7-85 y | Processing speed | Takes 3 min |
These tests have not been demonstrated to be superior to several other well-recognized age-specific tests for people with SCD in national and international assessments.
Bayley-III, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition; DCCS, Dimensional Change Card Sort Test; D-KEFS, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; NIH, National Institutes of Health; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WISC-V, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fifth Edition; WPPSI-IV, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Fourth Edition.